Diagnostics of equatorial and low latitude ionosphere by TEC mapping over Brazil

The total electron content (TEC) in the equatorial and low-latitude ionosphere over Brazil was monitored in two dimensions by using 2011 data from the ground-based global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver network operated by the Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics. It was possible to monitor the spatial and temporal variations in TEC over Brazil continuously during both day and night with a temporal interval of 10 min and a spatial resolution of about 400 km. The daytime equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) and post-sunset plasma enhancement (PS-EIA) were monitored over an area corresponding to a longitudinal extension of 4000 km in South America. Considerable day-to-day variation was observed in EIA and PS-EIA. A large latitudinal and longitudinal gradient of TEC indicated a significant ionospheric range error in application of the GNSS positioning system. Large-scale plasma bubbles after sunset were also mapped over a wide range. Depletions with longitudinally separated by more than 800 km were observed. They were extended by more than 2000 km along the magnetic field lines and drifted eastward. It is expected that 2-dimensional TEC mapping can serve as a useful tool for diagnosing ionospheric weather, such as temporal and spatial variation in the equatorial plasma trough and crest, and particularly for monitoring the dynamics of plasma bubbles.     

弹性与后掠角对三角翼绕流结构的影响

为了研究低雷诺数下微小型飞行器布局的流动机理,在水槽中对展长/根弦长之比为0.5的一系列变弹性和后掠角机翼的绕流结构进行了氢气泡流动显示实验.结果表明,在低雷诺数条件下,流动结构变化规律如下:随着后掠角增大,弹性翼绕流遵循"Ω涡一对前缘涡一对前缘涡与双涡一对前缘涡、双涡与三涡一对前缘涡与双涡一对前缘涡"的变化规律,刚性翼绕流的涡结构变化规律与弹性翼相似,但不存在三涡结构.     

气泡雾化喷嘴液雾特性

为了研究静止空气中气泡雾化喷嘴的液雾特性，利用粒子多普勒分析仪(PDA)和Mie散射显示法，对气泡雾化喷嘴在水压2．5MPa和3．4MPa条件下，较宽气液比范围内的液雾的张角、粒度及速度分布进行了测量，分析了水压、气液比、两股射流相互作用对液雾的影响。结果表明，气泡对液体射流的雾化具有较大的增强作用，同时发现存在-临界气液比(介于3％～4％之间)，当气液比达到临界值后，射流的雾化突然增强，且运行稳定。     

水中上升气泡体积变化率的图像分析技术

水中上升气泡的体积变化率是舰船自消隐特种气幕技术等诸多研究的重要基础.鉴于当前对这一体积变化率研究的紧迫需求,提出并较为深入地研究了水中上升气泡体积变化率的图像分析技术.首先,在理论研究的基础上,专门建立了分析计算的数学模型;进而给出了分析的实施方法,即利用摄像法获取水中上升气泡的图像序列,并从中得出所需图像的相关信息,再利用建立的模型即可求出其体积变化率;同时,设计了专门的实验,初步验证了这一分析技术的可行性.     

非定常低雷诺数流数值模拟方法研究

低雷诺数翼型流动的一个重要特征是分离泡的产生,并且分离泡通常是非定常的。基于有限体积法,N-S方程和S-A模型的控制方程非耦合求解,时间均采用牛顿型LU-SGS方法推进,无粘项和粘性项用中心差分方法离散计算,在计算非定常流场时,采用伪时间子迭代方法,湍流模型计算时采用在固定点转捩,研究了二维翼型低雷诺数流粘性流动的数值模拟方法,并利用所开发的非定常可压缩粘性流计算方法,数值模拟了在低雷诺数下两种翼型的非定常流动。计算结果表明：气动力系数及分离泡呈规则的周期性变化,证明方法是成功的、可行的。     

Effects of surface roughness on the aerodynamic performance of a high subsonic compressor airfoil at low Reynolds number

The aerodynamic performance of compressor airfoil is significantly affected by the surface roughness at low Reynolds number (Re). In the present study, numerical simulations have been conducted to investigate the impact of surface roughness on the profile loss of a high subsonic compressor airfoil at Re = 1.5 × 10⁵. Four roughness locations, covering 10%, 30%, 50% and 100% of the suction surface from the leading edge and seven roughness magnitudes (R_a) ranging from 52 to 525 μm were selected. Results showed that the surface roughness mainly determined the loss generation process by influencing the structure of the Laminar Separation Bubble (LSB) and the turbulence level near the wall. For all the roughness locations, the variation trend for the profile loss with the roughness magnitude was similar. In the transitionally rough region, the negative displacement effect of the LSB was suppressed with the increase of roughness magnitude, leading to a maximum decrease of 14.6%, 16.04%, 16.45% and 10.20% in the profile loss at R_a = 157 μm for the four roughness locations, respectively. However, with a further increase of the roughness magnitude in the fully rough region, the stronger turbulent dissipation enhanced the growth rate of the turbulent boundary layer and increased the profile loss instead. By comparison, the leading edge roughness played a dominant role in the boundary layer development and performance variation. To take fully advantage of the surface roughness reducing profile loss at low Re, the effects of roughness on suppressing LSB and inducing strong turbulent dissipation should be balanced effectively.     

低温流体节流过程空化现象的形成与发展规律

文章将RNG 湍流模型与完全空化模型相结合,对孔板节流所导致的低温流体空化流动进行数值模拟,得出了流场中的含气率与压力分布的变化规律。数值模拟研究还发现:由于孔板节流作用使得流场中最低压力出现在孔板喉部,并在此位置出现空化初生点;在低温空化流动中,泡状空化、云状空化、超空化3种空化形态相继出现。分析了空化初生点的压力以及含气率的变化规律,得出了3种空化形态的气相组成;分析了3种空化形态的初生标志,对临界空化状态进行了界定。     

垂直上升弹状流中弹状氢气泡运动速度

针对垂直管路内气液两相流实验化困难的问题,运用建模仿真的方法建立了竖直管路中弹状流气泡的运动模型,模拟了弹状氢气泡在垂直管路的上升过程,并对其运动速度进行了研究.仿真结果表明:在静置的竖直管道内,充分发展的弹状氢气泡的速度基本上以0.2265m/s的速度匀速上升;弹状氢气泡在流动液氢中运动时,其速度模型中的速度系数与流体的速度有关,当雷诺数从220上升到6400时,其系数的值从1.83下降到1.14;在未充分发展的弹状流系统中,气泡间距对气泡速度分布有着影响,其上升速度随着气泡间距的减小而增大.      

铝箔气泡复合材料的制备及隔热性能研究

通过干法复合工艺及流延复合工艺制备了一种隔热性能优良、性价比高且具有三明治夹心结构的新型保温材料——铝箔气泡复合材料,并研究了气泡层数、气泡直径、反射层结构及熟化温度对铝箔气泡复合材料隔热性能的影响。结果表明,铝箔气泡复合材料的热导率随气泡层数的增加而增大,随气泡直径的增大而减小,铝箔在反射层结构中的位置对材料热导率有影响,40~100℃×24h熟化,热导率下降,隔热性能提高。     

基于表面热膜的超高负荷低压涡轮叶栅附面层特性研究

本文利用表面热膜测量了定常来流条件下某超高负荷后加载叶型吸力面附面层的分离流动,并与壁面静压实验结果进行了对比。结果表明,热膜用于超高负荷低压涡轮叶型附面层流动测量可靠性较高;热膜测得的准壁面剪切应力及相关统计参数能准确地判断附面层分离、再附着和转捩位置;在低Re数条件下,分离泡尺寸和转捩区长度随来流Re数的减小而增加。