Drop test and crash simulation of a civil airplane fuselage section

Crashworthiness of a civil airplane fuselage section was studied in this paper. Firstly, the failure criterion of a rivet was studied by test, showing that the ultimate tension and shear failure loads were obviously affected by the loading speed. The relations between the loading speed and the average ultimate shear, tension loads were expressed by two logarithmic functions. Then, a vertical drop test of a civil airplane fuselage section was conducted with an actual impact velocity of6.85 m/s, meanwhile the deformation of cabin frame and the accelerations at typical locations were measured. The finite element model of a main fuselage structure was developed and validated by modal test, and the error between the calculated frequencies and the test ones of the first four modes were less than 5%. Numerical simulation of the drop test was performed by using the LS-DYNA code and the simulation results show a good agreement with that of drop test. Deforming mode of the analysis was the same as the drop test; the maximum average rigid acceleration in test was 8.81 g while the calculated one was 9.17 g, with an error of 4.1%; average maximum test deformation at four points on the front cabin floor was 420 mm, while the calculated one was 406 mm, with an error of 3.2%; the peak value of the calculated acceleration at a typical location was 14.72 g, which is lower than the test result by 5.46%; the calculated rebound velocity result was greater than the test result 17.8% and energy absorption duration was longer than the test result by 5.73%.     

Mechanism of unconventional aerodynamic characteristics of an elliptic airfoil

Abstract The aerodynamic characteristics of elliptic airfoil are quite different from the case of conventional airfoil for Reynolds number varying from about 10~4to 10~6.In order to reveal the fundamental mechanism,the unsteady flow around a stationary two-dimensional elliptic airfoil with 16%relative thickness has been simulated using unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations and the γ-Reθt transition turbulence model at different angles of attack for flow Reynolds number of 5×10~5.The aerodynamic coefficients and the pressure distribution obtained by computation are in good agreement with experimental data,which indicates that the numerical method works well.Through this study,the mechanism of the unconventional aerodynamic characteristics of airfoil is analyzed and discussed based on the computational predictions coupled with the wind tunnel results.It is considered that the boundary layer transition at the leading edge and the unsteady flow separation vortices at the trailing edge are the causes of the case.Furthermore,a valuable insight into the physics of how the flow behavior affects the elliptic airfoil’s aerodynamics is provided.     

吸波材料脱落对球面收敛喷管电磁散射特性的影响

在雷达吸波材料（RAM）涂覆位置影响球面收敛喷管（SCFN）雷达散射特性的结论上,研究了雷达吸波材料的脱落对SCFN雷达散射截面积（RCS）缩减效果的影响规律,采用加入阻抗边界条件的迭代物理光学（IPO）方法,计算了SCFN在5种不同脱落概率下的电磁散射特性。研究结果表明：吸波材料涂层的脱落会增加SCFN的RCS幅值;在俯仰探测面当脱落概率达到0.7时,依然能够保持68.19%的RCS缩减能力;在偏航探测面,当脱落概率达到0.5时,需要及时对吸波材料涂层进行修复。     

地质构造的三维可视化

地质构造三维可视化可以将地质勘探数据用直观的图形方式显示,是正确认识地质构造的重要手段,从而为油藏描述提供科学的依据.通过根据已知地质数据的三角剖分和插值,建立了地层层面、断面三角网格模型.研究了地质层面、地质整体模型、地质立体剖切和动态模型等多种三维地质模型可视化流程.提出了建立地质立体模型的方法,即由缝合相邻地层层面、相邻断线分别形成的地质体边界面和断层三角形环状曲面,以及顶地层三角网格层面,共同围成三维地质立体模型.在这一过程中,实现了最近邻优先重构、地层层面三角网格模型的外边界闭合圈多边形追踪及平面与三角网格求交线等关键算法.实验结果提供了从整体到局部的多种地质构造显示手段,从而帮助人们准确快速掌握地质构造.      

半潜入喷管收敛段碳/酚醛材料烧蚀特性

采用流固热耦合数值方法,以及Abaqus的ALE（arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian,任意拉格朗日欧拉方法）自适应网格技术,对位于半潜入喷管收敛段的碳/酚醛的烧蚀现象进行了预估,与试验结果进行了对比分析。结果表明:在收敛段,Al/Al₂O₃液滴或颗粒对材料的传热烧蚀起到了关键作用,当气流与材料表面平行时,液滴或颗粒的影响很小;从碳/酚醛热分解角度出发,基于完全碳化即被剥蚀的假设,基本能够预估碳/酚醛材料的烧蚀特征,烧蚀速率大约为0.3 mm/s;后效碳化对材料碳化过程的影响明显,发动机工作期间,分解层的厚度大约为2.0 mm,考虑后效作用,分解层厚度可能会增加至4.0 mm左右;与喉衬接触的材料区域,喉衬的传热会明显加剧材料的碳化过程。      

民用飞机驾驶舱门抵御穿透要求适航符合性评估方法

民用飞机驾驶舱门系统安装在飞机舱内,用于阻隔驾驶舱和客舱,除供机组人员正常进出驾驶舱外,必须具备防弹及防侵入功能,防止非机组人员抢夺飞机控制权,为机组成员提供安全保护。从驾驶舱门系统抵御穿透适航条款解读入手,对适航审定要求进行研究解读,提出一种民用飞机驾驶舱门抵御穿透试验方法,给出子弹选择、危险弹道确认、枪击点筛选、试验件构型准备等试验实施细节和要求,并以某型民用飞机驾驶舱门系统研发以及抵御穿透适航审定为基础对其进行验证。结果表明：本文提出的驾驶舱门抵御穿透试验方法有效,满足条款符合性,能够为飞机驾驶舱门设计研发以及适航符合性分析验证和相关条款的适航审定工作提供参考。     

导弹轨姿控舱体的强度分析

借助NASTRAN和PATRAN有限元分析软件,对承受多种加载方式的导弹轨姿控舱体进行了有无补强措施对比的强度分析。计算结果表明,轨姿控舱体设计的安全系数高;采取施加压紧盖的补强措施后,可分别使轨姿控舱体的最大应力值和最大变形量约降低到原值的1/2。试验结果证明,这种计算分析方法有效、可靠。     

斜拉桥拉索风-雨致振动特性风洞试验研究

以宜宾长江大桥为工程背景,在对斜拉索特性进行统计的基础上,确定了有代表性的模型风洞试验参数.通过较为系统的模型风洞试验,讨论了来流风速、索水平倾角、来流风向角、降雨量及结构阻尼比等对斜拉索风-雨致振动性能的影响.研究结果表明:在α=25°、30°且β=25°、30°、35°组合情况下斜拉索易发生雨振,其中心发振风速约为12m/s;斜拉索在小雨甚至"毛毛雨"的情况下易发生雨振;斜拉索雨振对结构阻尼比较为敏感.     

半桥双降压式逆变器电流检测及控制方法改进

滞环控制半桥双降压式逆变器实现了逆变器的无偏置电流模式,桥臂不可能直通,功率开关管和续流二极管可分别最优选取,具有较高的效率。但其电流采样为两电感电流独立采样,因此需要两套电流采样电路。本文研究了一种基于单电流检测的改进的控制方法。该方法将精密整流电路引入逆变器的控制电路中,利用精密整流电路的特性,将单电流检测信号分解成两个正负不失真的半波信号,实现半桥双降压式逆变器的控制。该方法在不影响逆变器各项性能指标的前提下,缩小了逆变器的体积,节约了成本。作者研制了一台500 W的原理样机,通过实验验证了理论分析的正确性。     

Phase Equilibria in Nb-Si-Mo Ternary Alloys at 1 273 K and 2 073 K

Phase equilibrium in Nb-Si-Mo ternary alloys （〈37.5 at.% Si） at 1 273 K and 2 073 K is investigated by using X-ray diffraction （XRD） analysis, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDS）. The partial isothermal section at 1 273 K, which contains four single-phase regions, five two-phase regions and two three-phase regions, is basically the same as that at 1 973 K. However, when the temperature increases to 2 073 K, the three-phase region of Nbss＋ct-（Nb（Mo））sSi3＋13-（Nb,Mo）sSi3 obviously moves towards the Nb-rich comer. This suggests that Nb-Si-Mo ternary alloys remain stable at least up to 1 973 K.