XY-SAS模型中不同网格尺度限制器的影响分析

XY-SAS(Xu & Yan Scale Adaptive Simulation)模型通过在SA(Spalart-Allmaras)模型耗散项的湍流尺度中引入基于平均涡量的冯卡门长度尺度,在不稳定流动区域具有类似LES(Large Eddy Simulation)的计算性能,且不存在DES(Detached Eddy Simulation)方法中RANS(Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes)与LES的交界面问题.由于SAS类模型预测的湍流能谱存在高波数衰减不足的缺陷,需要进一步在湍流尺度中引入网格尺度作为限制器.采用不同形式的网格尺度限制器构造了3种XY-SAS模型,对Re=3 900的圆柱绕流进行数值模拟,并与DES及实验数据进行比较.结果表明网格尺度限制器对XY-SAS模型的计算性能有较大影响,以最小网格间距作为高波数衰减限制器是较为合理的选择,此时模型对于大分离流动能够达到DES的模拟能力.     

燃油直接喷射入横向气流中雾化机理数值研究

采用商业软件Fluent对燃油直接喷射入横向气流中的破碎雾化过程进行数值模拟,选用欧拉-欧拉方法中的VOF（volume of fluid）耦合level-set方法模拟气液两相流动.数值模拟了横向气流中燃油直接喷射射流破碎雾化过程及其相应流场信息,分析了流场结构对液柱破碎雾化过程的影响,获得了横向气流中射流破碎点位置以及射流穿透深度,并与试验数据进行了对比.数值计算结果表明:①采用VOF耦合level-set算法能够较好地模拟射流喷入横向气流中燃油破碎雾化过程;②由于反向旋转的涡对的存在,使得液膜和液滴沿着展向（y向）输运,对于液滴的二次雾化起到促进作用;③射流液柱总是在喷嘴下游约8倍直径处开始破碎,且破碎点位置取决于喷嘴几何特性.      

横向气流中液体圆柱射流的破碎特性和表面波现象

采用高速摄像仪对横向气流场中的圆形液体射流的圆柱破碎过程(低Weber数)进行了实验研究.实验采用直射式喷嘴,喷孔直径为0.3mm和0.5mm,喷嘴长径比均为40.实验工质采用水.Weber数为1.7~7,液/气动量通量比为3.4~83.实验观察了表面波现象及射流破碎形成的液滴的尺寸及其速度.观测发现,表面波波长随着气流Weber数的对数的增加而线性减小.破碎后形成的液滴直径 d_p/d₀与Weber数的对数成正比.液滴的初始x方向速度与y方向速度大小与液滴直径无关.在实验范围内,液滴y方向速度均不随Weber数和液/气动量通量比的变化,约为初始射流速度的0.94倍;而液滴x方向速度约为0.085倍的气流速度.对表面波和破碎后形成的液滴尺寸及速度的研究有助于构建更精确的初始雾化模型.      

变形破碎特性对SLD结冰过程影响

基于结冰过程数值模拟,针对过冷大水滴（SLD）条件下的变形破碎特性及其对成冰过程影响进行了研究。利用动态阻力计算模型,分析了水滴变形对水滴运动轨迹影响,采用基于泰勒类比理论的计算模型,研究了水滴破碎过程、子液滴粒径分布特性等。完成了NACA 0012翼型典型SLD结冰算例的数值分析,与参考文献计算结果和实验数据进行对比。结果表明:对于SLD结冰,变形和破碎主要改变了水滴运动轨迹和表面撞击水分布,使水滴撞击极限变小,在加入变形破碎特性的计算模型后,可以较好预测结冰极限位置和冰形轮廓,说明该方法对SLD变形破碎效应及其影响的模拟是可行和正确的。      

镍基合金GH4169疲劳小裂纹的扩展行为

基于表面复型法,采用快速固化材料RepliSet监测了镍基合金GH4169单边缺口拉伸试样疲劳小裂纹的萌生和扩展行为,利用光学显微镜对复型进行了观测。结果表明:RepliSet材料可有效复制试样表面形貌,记录疲劳小裂纹的萌生和扩展过程。镍基合金GH4169疲劳小裂纹起始于材料表面夹杂,疲劳小裂纹早期扩展阶段受微观结构影响,扩展速率波动性较大。疲劳小裂纹扩展过程中的临界裂纹长度约为250μm,当主裂纹长度小于250μm时,裂纹扩展非常缓慢;但当裂纹长度超过250μm后,疲劳小裂纹快速扩展成为长裂纹并导致试样断裂。在双对数坐标系中,疲劳小裂纹扩展速率和裂纹长度近似为线性关系。      

均三甲苯层流燃烧特性实验

为了深入了解均三甲苯的层流燃烧特性及影响因素,利用高速纹影技术和定容燃烧弹开展了相关研究,得到了不同初始条件下的层流燃烧速度和Markstein长度等参数,结合均三甲苯化学反应机理揭示了不同初始条件下导致层流燃烧速度变化的关键基元反应,进而得到了不同初始条件下均三甲苯/空气的层流燃烧速度拟合经验公式,最后对拟合公式进行了验证表明该经验公式能较为准确地预测不同初始条件下均三甲苯/空气的层流燃烧速度。研究结果表明:均三甲苯/空气的层流燃烧速度与预混气体的初始温度呈正相关,与初始压力呈负相关;Markstein长度与预混气体的初始温度和初始压力均呈负相关。      

Influence of deformation zone length on bending radius of SS304 tubes with small diameters manufactured via free bending-based active motion

In three and six-axis free-bending equipment, the deformation zone length(A) is a fixed mechanical structure parameter modified when the relevant structure is redesigned and manufactured. In this study, a six degree of freedom(6-DOF) parallel mechanism was used as the control mechanism of the bending die, and a new method of changing the deformation zone length(A)was proposed. Firstly, an idealized geometric model of free bending-based active motion was established. Then, the influence of the de...     

Improving aircraft aerodynamic performance with bionic wing obtained by ice shape modulation

For Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) with limited electrical power to achieve effectively anti-/de-icing at the leading edge of the wing, a strategy of ice shape modulation was proposed. Isolated simulated ice shape pieces printed by 3D printing technology are mounted on a NACA0012 finite wing model, and its lift/drag coefficients and suction-side velocity fields are measured by the six-component force balance and the Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV), respectively. The ratio of the spanwise length of a single ice shape piece to chord length and the spanwise length of the non-icing area between the two adjacent single ice shape pieces are defined as dimensionless ice shape length (w/c) and dimensionless modulation ratio (w/λ), respectively. The results indicate that for a fixed w/λ, the wing lift coefficient first increases and then drops with increasing w/c, and a peak value exists when w/c is between 0.1 and 0.2. The lower the w/λ is, the higher the wing lift coefficient will be. The periodical variation of the flow separation area along the spanwise direction is attributed on the one hand to the acceleration effect of the flow field in the non-icing area which reduces the separation area, and on the other hand to the cross-flow caused by the streamwise vortices from the non-icing area to the icing area which promotes the mixing of the flow field (similar to vortex generators). The obtained modulation law is verified through flight tests and provides guidance for the use of ice shape modulation scheme for UAVs that cannot be completely anti-/de-icing under severe weather conditions.     

Mini-magnetosphere: Laboratory experiment,physical model and Hall MHD simulation

Magnetosphere with a size comparable to the ion kinetic scales is investigated by means of laboratory experiment, analytical analysis and Hall MHD simulation. In experiment a specific magnetic field was observed which is non-coplanar to dipole field, does not change sign at dipole moment inversion and could be generated only via the quadratic Hall term. Magnetopause position and plasma stand off distance were found to be profoundly different between the experimental regimes with small and large ion inertia length. In the previous studies of a mini-magnetosphere by kinetic codes such novel features were observed as absence of the bow shock and plasma stopping at the Stoermer particle limit instead of the pressure balance distance. Proposed analytical model explains these features by Hall currents which tend to cancel magnetic field convection by ions. Performed numerical simulation shows a good agreement with experiment and analytical model. It gives detailed spatial structure of the Hall field and reveals that while ions penetrate deep inside mini-magnetosphere electrons overflow around it along magnetopause boundary.     

Direct Numerical Simulation of Secondary Breakup of Liquid Drops

This article studies numerically a familiar important phenomenon in spray combustion which is deformation and breakup of liquid drops in gas flow. The SIMPLER method is used to solve the two-dimensional (2D) unsteady axisymmetric Navier-Stokes equations for both the drop and the ambient gas flow. The level set method is applied to capturing the liquid/gas interface. Through calculation are obtained four typical breakup modes-oscillation, bag breakup, sheet stripping breakup and shear breakup governed by four non-dimensional numbers which are gas Weber number (Weg), liquid Reynolds number (Rel), gas Reynolds number (Reg) and density ratio (γ) . Their effects upon each mode are analyzed. The results indicate that among the four numbers, Weg is of the highest importance with Rel, Reg and γfollowing up. By widening the range of the density ratio up to 1 000, the breakup mode is discovered to be so complicated that a new one called multimode breakup mode turns up. This mode contains the shearing breakup and piercing breakup, which successively happen. The calculation results agree well with what is observed from the experiments.