横向气流中液体射流袋式破碎机理

采用高速摄像仪对横向气流场中的液体圆形射流袋式破碎过程进行了实验研究。实验所用喷嘴孔径为1.0mm,实验工质采用水。Wea范围覆盖11～23,液/气动量通量比q覆盖11～95。实验中观察了袋的形成及破碎过程。实验发现,袋的触发长度lonset/d与无量纲数In(q/Re)存在线性关系,而袋的触发时间则为常数;对袋式结构的进一步研究得出袋的破碎长度与液体射流速度无关,只与We数有关,且成线性关系,即破碎长度随着We数的增加线性减小。最后还给出了核心射流破碎位置与液/气动量通量比q的关系,无量纲化破碎位置横坐标为常数,而无量化破碎位置纵坐标随着In(q)线性增加。以上结果可以指导实际设计合理安排袋的触发、破碎点位置,改善雾化性能;在数值模拟上能帮助构建精确的初始雾化模型,提高模拟精度。     

膜片翻转过程中的偏心问题及改进方法

金属贮箱膜片翻转试验中出现的偏心问题,易造成气液掺混、推进剂泄露等严重后果.为解决膜片的偏心问题,数值计算膜片翻转过程,通过加入弹塑性本构模型引入了显著的数值偏心现象,膜片的最大偏心量约为60mm,且其偏心表现形式与试验中的偏心形式一致性好.提出了改变锥段高度与膜片厚度、环向加筋等方法解决偏心问题,得出了不同方法对数值偏心现象的改善结果.研究表明:增加膜片厚度改善偏心问题效果最好,但同时会显著提高膜片的屈曲载荷与结构质量;改变锥段高度方法次之,但最优锥段高度需根据膜片圆弧旋转段半径进行相应调整;环向加筋方法稍差,但通用性好,且不会显著提高结构质量.     

含裂纹叶片的失谐叶盘对航空发动机振动特性的影响

某型航空发动机装配有含裂纹叶片的失谐叶盘,基于该型发动机的性能试验,对其排气机匣振动数据进行分析,研究叶盘失谐对发动机转子动力学特性的影响.主要对比了叶盘裂纹长度与整机振动特性的关系,证明了裂纹不仅改变整机振动频率的成分组成,同时,主要频率成分的振动幅值也有较大增加.然而,当裂纹长度比小于0.3,整机振动对叶盘失谐并不敏感,这一论断为在发动机试验中及时判断叶片裂纹故障提供支持.      

正十四烷层流燃烧特性的实验

采用定容燃烧实验平台获得初始压力为0.1 MPa、初始温度为420、450 K和480 K,当量比为0.8~1.4工况下正十四烷/空气预混气层流燃烧速度和马克斯坦长度,并分析了初始温度、当量比等因素的影响。研究发现:初始温度和当量比的增加对预混气球形火焰稳定性影响较小,在初始温度为480 K、当量比为1.3工况下,火焰内部无裂纹或胞状结构;初始温度的增加能够加快火焰传播速度,促进火焰锋面形成,其影响在稀混合气中更为显著;随着当量比的增加,正十四烷预混燃烧火焰马克斯坦长度减小,火焰稳定性变差;随着初始温度的增加,正十四烷马克斯坦长度减小,无拉伸火焰传播速度和层流燃烧速度增加,另外,与RP-3航空煤油层流燃烧速度对比发现,正十四烷层流燃烧速度整体偏高。     

CO2气体保护焊的波形模糊逻辑控制的方法

针对CO2气体保护焊恒流特性控制中弧长稳定性差问题,提出了弧长的波形模糊逻辑控制方案,介绍了波形控制系统工作原理和模糊逻辑控制器设计方法,并进行了试验研究.研究结果表明,此波形模糊逻辑控制系统完全实现了弧长恒定控制,得到焊接过程稳定,飞溅小和焊缝成形好等优良的工艺性能.     

圆柱绕流脱落旋涡相关长度的测量

本文探讨了圆柱绕流脱落旋涡空间相关长度的测量技术。除应用硬件系统外,还发展了一种测量用的软件系统,并对测量结果进行了分析和讨论。     

Experimental study on combustion characteristics of Chinese RP-3 kerosene

In order to illustrate the combustion characteristics of RP-3 kerosene which is widely used in Chinese aero-engines, the combustion characteristics of RP-3 kerosene were experimentally investigated in a constant volume combustion chamber. The experiments were performed at four different pressures of 0.1 MPa, 0.3 MPa, 0.5 MPa and 0.7 MPa, and three different temperatures of 390 K,420 K and 450 K, and over the equivalence ratio range of 0.6–1.6. Furthermore, the laminar combustion speeds of a surrogate fuel for RP-3 kerosene were simulated under certain conditions. The results show that increasing the initial temperature or decreasing the initial pressure causes an increase in the laminar combustion speed of RP-3 kerosene. With the equivalence ratio increasing from 0.6 to 1.6, the laminar combustion speed increases initially and then decreases gradually.The highest laminar combustion speed is measured under fuel rich condition(the equivalence ratio is 1.2). At the same time, the Markstein length shows the same changing trend as the laminar combustion speed with modification of the initial pressure. Increasing the initial pressure will increase the instability of the flame front, which is established by decreased Markstein length. However, different from the effects of the initial temperature and equivalence ratio on the laminar combustion speed,increasing the equivalence ratio will lead to a decrease in the Markstein length and the stability of the flame front, and the effect of the initial temperature on the Markstein length is unclear. Furthermore, the simulated laminar combustion speeds of the surrogate fuel agree with the corresponding experimental datas of RP-3 kerosene within 10% deviation under certain conditions.     

直流滑动弧等离子体点火器特性的实验研究

为了探究直流滑动弧放电应用于航空发动机燃烧室内点火的性能特点,设计了直流滑动弧等离子体点火器,在模型燃烧室内进行了煤油/空气混合气的点火实验,利用高速相机记录了滑动弧等离子体点火器的电弧产生和滑动过程以及燃烧室内煤油/空气混合气的点火和火焰发展过程,研究了不同空气工作介质流量、驱动电源输出电流、点火器电极夹角和点火器安装位置等因素对滑动弧等离子体点火器点火特性的影响。结果表明:滑动弧在运动过程中会产生不规则的跳动,并且存在着电弧分流的现象,导致电弧长度发生变化;在湍流的作用下,初始火核会演变为分裂的、大面积的湍流火焰,着火面积不断增大,最终在t=21ms时形成稳定燃烧;随着空气工作介质流量增大、驱动电源输出电流减小以及点火器的安装位置远离燃油雾化喷嘴,滑动弧等离子体点火器的电弧长度减小,点火延迟时间逐渐增长,例如余气系数α=8时,I=30A下电弧长度为47.1mm,相比I=20A增长了75.1%,点火延迟时间为21ms,相比I=20A缩短了40%;而随着点火器电极夹角的增大,电弧长度先增大后减小,点火延迟时间则先减小后增长,在电极夹角θ=45°时,电弧长度最长,点火延迟时间最短,分别为30.5mm和12ms。     

分流叶片长度和周向位置对高压比离心压气机性能的影响

摘要：为揭示分流叶片长度和周向位置对高压比离心压气机性能的影响机制,采用数值方法考察了典型分流叶片长度和周向位置下压气机性能和流场结构。通过对压气机流场的详细分析,建立了分流叶片长度和周向位置参数与压气机流动结构的关联性。研究表明：分流叶片的优化设计需综合考虑长度和周向位置,采用60%长度和60%周向位置的分流叶片方案可获得最佳压气机级性能,该方案的压比和效率较设计值分别提高了3.2%和1.0%;分流叶片改善压气机性能的机制为分流叶片对主叶片泄漏涡的分流作用,以及分流叶片吸力面高速低压气流对泄漏涡的引射作用;进行分流叶片优化设计时,应合理选取叶片长度和周向安装位置,以实现分流叶片对主叶片泄漏涡的分流和引射,同时应避免分流叶片过长导致叶顶发生明显二次泄漏和分流叶片前缘形成高马赫区。     

Space Debris Reentry Analysis Methods and Tools

The reentry of uncontrolled spacecraft may be broken into many pieces of debris at an altitude in the range of 75-85 km. The surviving fragments could pose great hazard and risk to ground and people. In recent years, methods and tools for predicting and analyzing debris reentry and ground risk assessment have been studied and developed in National Aeronautics and Space Ad-ministration (NASA), European Space Agency (ESA) and other organizations, including the group of the present authors. This paper reviews the current progress on this topic of debris reentry briefly. We outline the Monte Carlo method for uncertainty analysis, breakup prediction, and parameters affecting survivability of debris. The existing analysis tools can be classified into two categories, i.e. the object-oriented and the spacecraft-oriented methods, the latter being more accurate than the first one. The past object-oriented tools include objects of only simple shapes. For more realistic simulation, here we present an object-oriented tool debris reentry and ablation prediction system (DRAPS) developed by the present authors, which introduces new object shapes to 15 types, as well as 51 predefined motions and relevant aerodynamic and aerothermal models. The aerodynamic and aerothermal models in DRAPS are validated using direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method.