A novel method for solving shortest tool length based on compressing 3D check surfaces relative to tool postures

Solving the shortest tool length quickly under a known tool trajectory in multi-axis machining of complex channel parts is an urgent problem in industrial production. To solve this problem, a novel and efficient method is proposed which is featured by extracting only a few necessary curves from the check surface instead of sampling the entire surface. By rotating and compressing the 3D check surface relative to all tool postures, the boundaries of the area occupied by the 2D compressed surfaces are the essential elements for determining the shortest tool length. A tracking-based numerical algorithm is introduced to efficiently solve the silhouette curves which are formed in compressing. To define the multi-taper shaped tool holding system (THS) which is commonly used in production, a characterization model for THS profile is established. A model for solving the shortest tool length is finally constructed based on the critical interference relationship between the THS profile and all compressed boundary curves. For acceleration, the boundary splines are segmented according to their knot vectors. Then a new concept called the axis-aligned tool length box (AATB) is introduced, which can provide a conservative range of tool length for a spline segment. By scanning the AATBs of all spline segments, the very few effective spline segments that may ultimately determine the shortest tool length are filtered out. This acceleration method makes the solution for the shortest tool length more focused and efficient. The results of experimental examples are also reported to validate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed algorithm.     

改进的绳系卫星系统距离速率控制律

为扩大绳系卫星系统(TSS)控制的稳定域,提出了一种改进距离速率控制算法。根据TSS动力学方程及构造的二阶稳定系统,给出了修正的控制模型。讨论了稳定释放角度和释放/回收速度的影响,并研究了固定绳索长度系留控制方案。算例表明该方法可显著扩大稳定域,提高释放速度。     

测量系统误差对过程监控效果影响分析

讨论在过程控制中出现测量系统误差时对监控效果产生的影响。     

Space Debris Reentry Analysis Methods and Tools

The reentry of uncontrolled spacecraft may be broken into many pieces of debris at an altitude in the range of 75-85 km. The surviving fragments could pose great hazard and risk to ground and people. In recent years, methods and tools for predicting and analyzing debris reentry and ground risk assessment have been studied and developed in National Aeronautics and Space Ad-ministration (NASA), European Space Agency (ESA) and other organizations, including the group of the present authors. This paper reviews the current progress on this topic of debris reentry briefly. We outline the Monte Carlo method for uncertainty analysis, breakup prediction, and parameters affecting survivability of debris. The existing analysis tools can be classified into two categories, i.e. the object-oriented and the spacecraft-oriented methods, the latter being more accurate than the first one. The past object-oriented tools include objects of only simple shapes. For more realistic simulation, here we present an object-oriented tool debris reentry and ablation prediction system (DRAPS) developed by the present authors, which introduces new object shapes to 15 types, as well as 51 predefined motions and relevant aerodynamic and aerothermal models. The aerodynamic and aerothermal models in DRAPS are validated using direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method.     

明渠恒定均匀流试验中尾门的影响范围

利用PIV测量了明渠恒定均匀流中离尾门（活页式及闸板式）不同距离的9条断面中垂线的流速分布,分析了尾门对中垂线时均流速、紊动强度、雷诺应力及能谱特征的影响范围。对比活页式和闸板式两种尾门的差异可以发现,闸板尾门对时均流速的影响要明显大于活页尾门,而对于脉动强度、雷诺应力和能谱特征的影响,二者差异可以忽略。对于时均流速,在距离50h后两种尾门的影响均小于1.0%;对于纵向紊动强度、垂向紊动强度及雷诺应力,以4.0%、4.0%、10.0%作为衡量标准,尾门的影响距离分别为35h、25h、30h;对于纵、垂向能谱特征参数k50,以偏差值15.0%、6.0%作为标准,尾门的影响距离分别为35h和40h。     

Developing a Low-Velocity Collision Model Based on the Nasa Standard Breakup Model

We have conducted a series of low-velocity impact experiments to understand the dispersion properties of fragments newly created by low-velocity impacts possible in space, especially in geostationary Earth orbit. The test results are utilized to establish a mathematical prediction model to be used in debris generation and propagation codes. Since the expected collision velocity between catalogued objects in geostationary Earth orbit shows a peak at a few hundreds meters per second, these impact experiments were conducted at a velocity range lower than 300m/s. As a typical structure of satellites in geostationary Earth orbit, thin aluminum honeycomb sandwich panels with carbon fiber reinforced plastics face sheets were prepared, while the projectile was a stainless steel ball of 9mm diameter. The data collected through these impact experiments have been re-analyzed based on the method used in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) standard breakup model 1998 revision. The results indicate that the NASA standard breakup model derived from hypervelocity impacts could be applied to low-velocity collision possible in geostationary Earth orbit with some modifications.     

格栅湍流场风参数沿风洞轴向变化规律

格栅湍流场常用于各类风洞试验中,桥梁断面气动参数均与来流风参数有关。对不同格栅湍流场下的风参数沿风洞轴向变化的规律进行了研究,得出风参数主要与测点与格栅断面间距、格栅板条厚度和单元格栅边长有关。随着间距增加,平均风速短期内急剧衰减,然后趋于稳定。随着间距增加,来流湍流的总能量减小而主要能量迁移至高频区域:湍流度呈指数衰减,湍流积分尺度呈增长趋势;约化风谱形状保持相似,峰值对应约化频率值基本保持不变,但峰值变小。另外根据风参数的变化规律,调试出2类特定的湍流场参数:湍流度相似而湍流积分尺度不同的湍流场和湍流积分尺度相似而湍流度不同的湍流场,以便于详尽研究主要风参数对桥梁断面气动参数的影响。     

气相速度脉动对JP-10液滴破碎的影响

在不同时均气相速度、初始液滴尺寸和速度脉动频率条件下,研究了气相速度脉动对JP-10液滴破碎速率的影响。计算结果表明,低时均气相速度时,小尺寸液滴较难破碎;达到破碎条件的情况下,随着脉动强度的增大液滴破碎所用时间缩短,而气相速度脉动频率对JP-10液滴破碎的影响不明显。     

一种MED最优滤波长度选择新方法及其应用

最小熵解卷积（MED）是旋转机械故障诊断领域广泛应用的有效方法,它可以从噪声中提取微弱的故障冲击成分。然而它的有效性依赖于滤波长度的选取,目前,针对MED滤波长度的自动选取并没有明确有效的方法,往往需要人为经验选择。因此,在MED的算法基础上,通过结合自相关函数,提出了一种MED最优滤波长度选择的新方法,该方法构建了一个能量判定标准来衡量输出信号的周期性,从而自适应地确定MED的最优的滤波长度以提升微弱故障信号中的周期脉冲成分,避免MED方法容易出现最大化单一随机脉冲现象的发生。该方法应用于滚动轴承故障微弱冲击特征提取,并利用两个实例进行了有效性验证：基于辛辛那提试验中心的滚动轴承全寿命疲劳加速试验;带机匣的航空发动机转子试验器模拟远离轴承振动源的故障试验。结果表明,所提方法可以消除传递路径影响,提升微弱冲击周期性特征,并且与最大相关峭度解卷积（MCKD）方法相比,诊断结果更具优势。     

航天器解体模型研究的新进展

航天器解体模型用于描述航天器因爆炸或碰撞解体所产生碎片的数量、尺寸、面质比以及速度等特性的分布规律,对于空间碎片环境建模与演化、空间碎片撞击风险评估及空间解体事件分析具有重要意义。分析了目前广泛使用的NASA标准解体模型的特点,介绍了近年来国内外在航天器解体模型方面的研究进展。国外的研究主要介绍了日本九州大学和德国EMI实验室开展的卫星撞击试验以及NASA最近启动的新一轮卫星撞击研究项目。国内的研究主要介绍中国空气动力研究与发展中心（CARDC ）开展的卫星撞击试验和仿真研究,以及在此基础上发展的CARDC-SBM航天器碰撞解体模型,并比较分析了该模型与 NASA 标准解体模型的差别。对当前航天器解体模型研究存在的不足进行了分析,提出了下一步应关注的研究方向。