非均匀速度来流条件下液体射流喷雾特性

实验研究了非均匀速度来流条件下液体横向射流喷雾特性.实验利用多孔板实现速度的不均匀,应用片光照相得到喷雾中心截面照片,使用相位多普勒粒子分析仪(PDPA)测量液滴的直径和速度.实验结果表明:在非均匀速度来流中,射流的弯曲和破碎机理有所不同,导致穿透深度和雾化特性发生改变.与均匀速度来流相比,正速度梯度来流时射流穿透深度...     

Experimental study on combustion characteristics of Chinese RP-3 kerosene

In order to illustrate the combustion characteristics of RP-3 kerosene which is widely used in Chinese aero-engines, the combustion characteristics of RP-3 kerosene were experimentally investigated in a constant volume combustion chamber. The experiments were performed at four different pressures of 0.1 MPa, 0.3 MPa, 0.5 MPa and 0.7 MPa, and three different temperatures of 390 K,420 K and 450 K, and over the equivalence ratio range of 0.6–1.6. Furthermore, the laminar combustion speeds of a surrogate fuel for RP-3 kerosene were simulated under certain conditions. The results show that increasing the initial temperature or decreasing the initial pressure causes an increase in the laminar combustion speed of RP-3 kerosene. With the equivalence ratio increasing from 0.6 to 1.6, the laminar combustion speed increases initially and then decreases gradually.The highest laminar combustion speed is measured under fuel rich condition(the equivalence ratio is 1.2). At the same time, the Markstein length shows the same changing trend as the laminar combustion speed with modification of the initial pressure. Increasing the initial pressure will increase the instability of the flame front, which is established by decreased Markstein length. However, different from the effects of the initial temperature and equivalence ratio on the laminar combustion speed,increasing the equivalence ratio will lead to a decrease in the Markstein length and the stability of the flame front, and the effect of the initial temperature on the Markstein length is unclear. Furthermore, the simulated laminar combustion speeds of the surrogate fuel agree with the corresponding experimental datas of RP-3 kerosene within 10% deviation under certain conditions.     

Space Debris Reentry Analysis Methods and Tools

The reentry of uncontrolled spacecraft may be broken into many pieces of debris at an altitude in the range of 75-85 km. The surviving fragments could pose great hazard and risk to ground and people. In recent years, methods and tools for predicting and analyzing debris reentry and ground risk assessment have been studied and developed in National Aeronautics and Space Ad-ministration (NASA), European Space Agency (ESA) and other organizations, including the group of the present authors. This paper reviews the current progress on this topic of debris reentry briefly. We outline the Monte Carlo method for uncertainty analysis, breakup prediction, and parameters affecting survivability of debris. The existing analysis tools can be classified into two categories, i.e. the object-oriented and the spacecraft-oriented methods, the latter being more accurate than the first one. The past object-oriented tools include objects of only simple shapes. For more realistic simulation, here we present an object-oriented tool debris reentry and ablation prediction system (DRAPS) developed by the present authors, which introduces new object shapes to 15 types, as well as 51 predefined motions and relevant aerodynamic and aerothermal models. The aerodynamic and aerothermal models in DRAPS are validated using direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method.     

明渠恒定均匀流试验中尾门的影响范围

利用PIV测量了明渠恒定均匀流中离尾门（活页式及闸板式）不同距离的9条断面中垂线的流速分布,分析了尾门对中垂线时均流速、紊动强度、雷诺应力及能谱特征的影响范围。对比活页式和闸板式两种尾门的差异可以发现,闸板尾门对时均流速的影响要明显大于活页尾门,而对于脉动强度、雷诺应力和能谱特征的影响,二者差异可以忽略。对于时均流速,在距离50h后两种尾门的影响均小于1.0%;对于纵向紊动强度、垂向紊动强度及雷诺应力,以4.0%、4.0%、10.0%作为衡量标准,尾门的影响距离分别为35h、25h、30h;对于纵、垂向能谱特征参数k50,以偏差值15.0%、6.0%作为标准,尾门的影响距离分别为35h和40h。     

弓高弦长法测量圆直径的研究

弓高弦长法测圆直径的一个重要问题，是如何选取最佳测量点。本文从误差的传递着手，严密推证了弓高及弦长测量的标准差取不同值时最佳测量点的位置。     

低温等离子体放电区长度对点火起爆的影响

为了研究低温等离子体放电区长度,即放电区间隙不变,体积大小对脉冲爆震发动机点火起爆的影响,以丙烷为燃料,空气和纯氧为氧化剂,充分考虑其详细的化学反应动力学机理,将低温等离子体放电区等效为高温高压火核,对放电区长度为20,40,60mm三种结构,利用Fluent软件,对点火起爆过程进行数值模拟,并进行对比分析.结果表明:将低温等离子体放电区等效为高温高压火核是可行的,能够得到完整的点火起爆过程;不同放电区长度,对初始火焰形成、火焰传播速度和缓燃转爆震(DDT)时间有很大影响,对爆震波峰值压力影响不大.      

旋流杯套筒混合段长度对点火特性的影响

为研究旋流杯套筒过长的混合段长度对燃烧室点火特性的影响,设计了两种不同的套筒混合段长度试验件,在常温常压条件下,采用单头部模型燃烧室进行了起动点火性能试验,同时采用马尔文进行了燃油雾化颗粒度测量,并结合Fluent软件的数值模拟对结果进行分析.研究结果表明:套筒混合段长度对燃烧室头部流场和油雾分布有很大影响,过长的套筒混合段长度将造成液雾与套筒壁碰撞,限制旋转射流和液滴的径向运动,造成喷雾锥角减小了32%,贫油起动点火油气比增加了20%左右.      

分流叶片长度和周向位置对高压比离心压气机性能的影响

摘要：为揭示分流叶片长度和周向位置对高压比离心压气机性能的影响机制,采用数值方法考察了典型分流叶片长度和周向位置下压气机性能和流场结构。通过对压气机流场的详细分析,建立了分流叶片长度和周向位置参数与压气机流动结构的关联性。研究表明：分流叶片的优化设计需综合考虑长度和周向位置,采用60%长度和60%周向位置的分流叶片方案可获得最佳压气机级性能,该方案的压比和效率较设计值分别提高了3.2%和1.0%;分流叶片改善压气机性能的机制为分流叶片对主叶片泄漏涡的分流作用,以及分流叶片吸力面高速低压气流对泄漏涡的引射作用;进行分流叶片优化设计时,应合理选取叶片长度和周向安装位置,以实现分流叶片对主叶片泄漏涡的分流和引射,同时应避免分流叶片过长导致叶顶发生明显二次泄漏和分流叶片前缘形成高马赫区。     

直流滑动弧等离子体点火器特性的实验研究

为了探究直流滑动弧放电应用于航空发动机燃烧室内点火的性能特点,设计了直流滑动弧等离子体点火器,在模型燃烧室内进行了煤油/空气混合气的点火实验,利用高速相机记录了滑动弧等离子体点火器的电弧产生和滑动过程以及燃烧室内煤油/空气混合气的点火和火焰发展过程,研究了不同空气工作介质流量、驱动电源输出电流、点火器电极夹角和点火器安装位置等因素对滑动弧等离子体点火器点火特性的影响。结果表明:滑动弧在运动过程中会产生不规则的跳动,并且存在着电弧分流的现象,导致电弧长度发生变化;在湍流的作用下,初始火核会演变为分裂的、大面积的湍流火焰,着火面积不断增大,最终在t=21ms时形成稳定燃烧;随着空气工作介质流量增大、驱动电源输出电流减小以及点火器的安装位置远离燃油雾化喷嘴,滑动弧等离子体点火器的电弧长度减小,点火延迟时间逐渐增长,例如余气系数α=8时,I=30A下电弧长度为47.1mm,相比I=20A增长了75.1%,点火延迟时间为21ms,相比I=20A缩短了40%;而随着点火器电极夹角的增大,电弧长度先增大后减小,点火延迟时间则先减小后增长,在电极夹角θ=45°时,电弧长度最长,点火延迟时间最短,分别为30.5mm和12ms。     

IP组播技术在遥测数据传输中的应用分析

在试验场遥测实时数据传输中,为满足传输数据量大、实时性高的要求,在网络数据传输中应用IP组播技术.通过分析网络性能和传输数据的特点,对传输数据进行设计,实现实时数据不丢帧传输.