Two sources of magnetosheath ions observed by Cluster in the mid-altitude polar cusp

Double cusps have been observed on a few occasions by polar orbiting spacecraft and ground-based observatories. The four Cluster spacecraft observed two distinct regions, showing characteristics of a double cusp, during a mid-altitude cusp pass on 7 August 2004. The Wind spacecraft detected a southward turning of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) at the beginning of the cusp crossings and IMF–Bz stayed negative throughout. Cluster 4 observed a high energy step in the ion precipitation around 1 keV on the equatorward side of the cusp and a dense ion population in the cusp centre. Cluster 1, entering the cusp around 1 min later, observed only a partial ion dispersion with a low energy cutoff reaching 100 eV, together with the dense ion population in the cusp centre. About 9 min later, Cluster 3 entered the cusp and observed full ion dispersion from a few keV down to around 50 eV, together with the dense ion population in the centre of the cusp. The ion flow was directed poleward and eastward in the step/dispersion, whereas in the centre of the cusp the flow was directed poleward and westward. In addition the altitude of the source region of ion injection in the step/dispersion was found 50% larger than in the cusp centre. This event could be explained by the onset of dayside reconnection when the IMF turned southward. The step would be the first signature of component reconnection near the subsolar point, and the injection in the centre of the cusp a result of anti-parallel reconnection in the northern dusk side of the cusp. A three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation is used to display the topology of the magnetic field and locate the sources of the ions during the event.     

三元二次样条函数及其计算（Ⅰ）——高维数据拟合

半节点二次样条是Ｃ１类连续的，其二阶导函数是阶梯函数，在半节点处产生跳跃。鉴于此，本文利用最小二乘法，获得了一种半节点二次插值样条边界条件确定方法，该方法可以保证二次插值样条在半节点处二阶导数的变化最小，这相当于保证了曲率的变化最小。为了适应四维数据插值的需要，给出了三元二次插值样条的定义及基样条表示，提出了一种边界条件，证明了其存在唯一性。最后把二次插值样条边界条件确定方法推广到三元二次插值样条上去，获得了三元二次插值样条边界条件的确定方法。该方法的意义是，可以直接从插值条件获得边界条件，从而克服了多元样条边界条件难以确定的困难     

高超声速复杂外形热流的NND有限元数值计算方法研究

有限元法是一种加权积分的方法,这个特点和权函数的特性使得有限元法在计算诸如热流(与温度的一阶导数相关)等物理量时有其内在的优越性.本文研究了高超声速复杂外形热流的NND有限元数值计算方法,并对高超声速球钝锥外形和带翼飞行器外形的绕流进行了数值模拟,算例结果令人满意.     

孔式抽吸对带间隙高负荷压气机性能的影响

实验研究了端壁孔式附面层抽吸对带间隙的高负荷直列叶栅流动特性和气动性能的影响,通过三种附面层抽吸方案与原型方案的对比分析,探讨了附面层抽吸抑制间隙流动、减小损失的机理。对叶片表面和下端壁进行了墨迹流动显示,并利用五孔探针对叶栅出口气动参数进行了测量,对比分析了叶栅流道内的流场特征和损失分布。结果表明,在间隙内布置抽吸孔能有效降低间隙流动动能,削弱间隙流与主流之间的相互掺混作用,减小因间隙流动引起的端壁区域流动分离,从而达到对三维流动分离的抑制,有效降低损失,且最大降幅达16.7%;间隙流动引起的流动分离和损失在流道中占主导地位,尽管在端壁沿周向合理布置抽吸孔能在一定程度上抑制近端壁的附面层或二次流发展,但这种局部效应仍不能显著改善叶栅的整体性能;端壁上不合理的抽吸控制策略反而可能影响主流的正常流动,导致损失增加,其中方案4损失增加了约3%。     

进气道中激波-边界层干扰特性研究

针对高超进气道中激波/边界层干扰等现象,选取了24°压缩拐角及二维高超进气道DLR-GK01等算例,比较研究了混合网格并行数值模拟软件中SA、SST、TNT三种湍流模型对激波/边界层干扰等现象的模拟能力,主要考察了不同湍流模型对流场结构、壁面压强以及壁面摩阻的影响。结果表明:三种湍流模型在模拟大分离流场时存在不同的流动分离特性,TNT湍流模型较SST和SA湍流模型模拟的分离起始位置、分离区大小及边界层厚度与实验吻合度最好。     

松耦合变压器磁路建模改进方法研究

在非接触电能传输(CIPT)系统中,松耦合变压器的设计,是整个系统设计的关键.本文利用细分磁通管的方法提出改进的罐形松耦合变压器磁路模型,给出各部分磁阻和松耦合变压器耦合系数的量化计算方法.此建模方法可以作为一般的CIPT电气参数设计方法推广到其他类型松耦合变压器.     

大展弦比飞机模型边界层转捩模拟技术

针对大展弦比飞机模型高速风洞试验需求,进行了边界层转捩模拟技术研究.研究表明:与传统的金刚砂粗糙带相比,柱状转捩带具有粘贴牢靠、可操作性强等优势,已经推广应用于大展弦比飞机模型高速风洞试验;边界层转捩对大展弦比飞机模型气动特性有重要影响,不仅影响阻力,而且对升力与俯仰力矩均有明显影响;在目前国内低雷诺数风洞条件下建议在边界层固定转捩条件下进行风洞试验,以提高风洞试验精度.     

Scaling of interaction lengths for hypersonic shock wave/turbulent boundary layer interactions

The interaction length induced by Shock Wave/Turbulent Boundary-Layer Interactions (SWTBLIs) in the hypersonic flow was investigated using a scaling analysis, in which the interaction length normalized by the displacement thickness of boundary layer was correlated with a corrected non-dimensional separation criterion across the interaction after accounting for the wall temperature effects. A large number of hypersonic SWTBLIs were compiled to examine the scaling analysis over a wide range of Mach numbers, Reynolds numbers, and wall temperatures. The results indicate that the hypersonic SWTBLIs with low Reynolds numbers collapse on the supersonic SWTBLIs, while the hypersonic cases with high Reynolds numbers show a more rapid growth of the interaction length than that with low Reynolds numbers. Thus, two scaling relationships are identified according to different Reynolds numbers for the hypersonic SWTBLIs. The scaling analysis provides valuable guidelines for engineering prediction of the interaction length, and thus, enriches the knowledge of hypersonic SWTBLIs.     

Predicting indices of the ionosphere response to solar activity for the ascending phase of the 25th solar cycle

The international reference ionosphere, IRI, and its extension to plasmasphere, IRI-Plas, models require reliable prediction of solar and ionospheric proxy indices of solar activity for nowcasting and forecasting of the ionosphere parameters. It is shown that IRI prediction errors could increase for the F2 layer critical frequency foF2 and the peak height hmF2 due to erroneous predictions of the ionospheric global IG index and the international sunspot number SSN1 index on which IRI and IRI-Plas models are built. Regression relation is introduced to produce daily SSN1 proxy index from new time series SSN2 index provided from June 2015, after recalibration of sunspots data. To avoid extra errors of the ionosphere model a new solar activity prediction (SAP) model for the ascending part of the solar cycle SC25 is proposed which expresses analytically the SSN1 proxy index and the 10.7-cm radio flux F10.7 index in terms of the phase of the solar cycle, Φ. SAP model is based on monthly indices observed during the descending part of SC24 complemented with forecast of time and amplitude for SC25 peak. The strength of SC25 is predicted to be less than that of SC24 as shown with their amplitudes for eight types of indices driving IRI-Plas model.     

基于薄膜热电堆的新型高温瞬态热流密度传感器的研制

目前针对国内薄膜瞬态热流传感器一致性较差、制备工艺不成熟等问题，提出了一种基于光刻工艺和离子束溅射镀膜工艺的制备方法，200对T型金属薄膜热电偶沉积在10mm×10mm的水冷块上，测量1μm的氧化铝热阻层温差，从而得到瞬态热流密度值。对新型高温瞬态热流密度传感器进行比对法标定，一致性误差为0.211%，即工艺的一致性约为99.79%。实验表明，研制的新型高温瞬态热流密度传感器的一致性好,制备工艺具备良好重复性和可移植性，能够满足高温瞬态热流检测需要，为热流传感器的推广应用及标准化、批量化生产提供了良好的技术支撑。