仿生正弦前缘对翼面动态失速的影响

动态失速导致叶片气动载荷急剧变化，造成振动载荷激增，桨叶寿命大幅衰减。针对动态失速问题，从座头鲸胸鳍在动态倾转下取得良好的流动特性获得启示，据此模化出仿生正弦前缘翼面（包含3种波峰和2种波长），旨在实现动态失速控制。借助三维非定常数值模拟方法，采用运动网格技术，基于SC1095旋翼翼型，研究了仿生前缘动态失速流动控制机理及运动参数和来流速度的影响。结果表明：正弦前缘大幅度降低俯仰力矩系数峰值和阻力系数峰值；前缘波峰越大、波长越小，阻力系数峰值与俯仰力矩系数峰值的抑制效果越明显，虽然升力系数峰值减小，但其减小量远小于前两者，例如其中一种仿生翼使俯仰力矩系数峰值减小了47.7%，阻力系数峰值减小了36.4%，升力系数峰值减小14.1%；在最大迎角附近，正弦前缘能够缓和失速特性，使载荷变化更为平缓；在高平均迎角、低俯仰频率、低马赫数下，仿生翼动态失速控制效果更强，相比较而言迎角振幅的影响较小。     

基于伴随方法的单级低速压气机气动设计优化

采用梯度方法对某型4.5级压气机最后级进行气动设计优化研究，梯度由连续伴随方法计算确定，多排伴随方程采用伴随掺混面模型进行数值求解。首先，采用基于经验修正的初步设计方法设计带进口导叶的4.5级低速、低压缩比压气机的原始气动外形。之后，在压气机近失速工况对最后级静子叶片进行伴随气动设计优化，通过优化叶型和安装角降低流动损失，目标函数定义为加权求和形式的熵增和流量偏差，优化中对流量进行约束。最后，开展基于伴随方法的多工况气动设计优化研究，改善两个不同转速条件下最后级的气动性能。优化结果表明，基于伴随方法的多排气动设计优化可以通过改变叶片气动外形提升多排全工况气动性能。     

面向空间天线的TWF复合材料性能研究

利用碳纤维三向编织物（triaxial woven fabric，TWF）作为增强材料，与柔性基体材料硅橡胶复合，制成兼具一定柔性和刚性的复合材料壳膜结构，用于卫星天线反射器，是一种新型的高精度可展开天线实现方案。采用复合材料细观方法，对碳纤维增强硅橡胶TWF复合材料进行了力学性能的研究。首先由纤维和基体的材料特性得到均质纤维束的材料特性；接下来考虑纤维束交织情况（起伏波动）建立由纤维束组成的单胞实体有限元模型；然后对单胞实体有限元模型进行均匀化分析，施加周期性边界条件，最终得到等效的均质材料特性；为满足天线反射器高性能需求，分析了碳纤维种类、纤维体积分数对单胞等效性能的影响规律。对该材料力学性能的研究，可以为其未来应用于大型高精度可展开天线反射器提供一定的理论依据。     

Robust model predictive control for satellite formation keeping with eccentricity/inclination vector separation

This study presents model predictive formation control based on an eccentricity/inclination vector separation strategy. Alternative collision avoidance can be accomplished by using eccentricity/inclination vectors and adding a simple goal function term for optimization process. Real-time control is also achievable with model predictive controller based on convex formulation. Constraint-tightening approach is address as well improve robustness of the controller, and simulation results are presented to verify performance enhancement for the proposed approach.     

Case study of inclined sporadic E layers in the Earth’s ionosphere observed by CHAMP/GPS radio occultations: Coupling between the tilted plasma layers and internal waves

We have used the radio occultation (RO) satellite data CHAMP/GPS (Challenging Minisatellite Payload/Global Positioning System) for studying the ionosphere of the Earth. A method for deriving the parameters of ionospheric structures is based upon an analysis of the RO signal variations in the phase path and intensity. This method allows one to estimate the spatial displacement of a plasma layer with respect to the ray perigee, and to determine the layer inclination and height correction values. In this paper, we focus on the case study of inclined sporadic E (E_s) layers in the high-latitude ionosphere based on available CHAMP RO data. Assuming that the internal gravity waves (IGWs) with the phase-fronts parallel to the ionization layer surfaces are responsible for the tilt angles of sporadic plasma layers, we have developed a new technique for determining the parameters of IGWs linked with the inclined E_s structures. A small-scale internal wave may be modulating initially horizontal E_s layer in height and causing a direction of the plasma density gradient to be rotated and aligned with that of the wave propagation vector k. The results of determination of the intrinsic wave frequency and period, vertical and horizontal wavelengths, intrinsic vertical and horizontal phase speeds, and other characteristics of IGWs under study are presented and discussed.     

基于EVENT模型的单向循环航路侧向碰撞风险分析

我国空域骨干航路拥挤不堪,一些支线航路的利用率却很低,单向循环航路的出现很好地解决了这一问题,对其进行安全评估是划设航路最重要的工作之一。在总结EVENT理论和相关文献的基础上,对单向循环航路和混合航路侧向碰撞风险进行比较分析,推算出目标安全等级下单向循环航路容量,并对单向循环航路侧向碰撞风险进行预测。结果表明,单向循环航路侧向碰撞风险远低于混合航路侧向碰撞风险,且未来10年均保持在比较稳定的安全水平。     

Streamwise vortex generation by the rod

The technology development related to aerodynamics is leading to ever increasing loads of wings, airfoils and turbine and compressor blades. The increase in aerodynamic forces is often leading to flow separation and depreciation of the aerodynamic performance of flying objects or propulsion systems. Flow control methods are required to avoid these negative effects. In the recent two decades the flow control by means of air-jet vortex generators has been also intensively investigated. In this method a streamwise vortex is introduced by an oblique jet. The necessity to supply air by a pipe system may be considered a disadvantage. In order to eliminate this feature, it has been proposed to put out a rod instead of a jet. It has been shown that the application of a rod can introduce the same effect as a jet, as long as the streamwise vortex generation is concerned and appropriate dimensions are used. The present paper focuses on the influence of rod vortex generators on a flow pattern downstream. The results presented here concern experimental and numerical investigations and provide guidelines for the design of a new flow control method dedicated mainly to external flows.     

A boundary vector cell model of place field repetition

Hippocampal place cells are thought to form the neural substrate of a global cognitive map. However, in multicompartment mazes, these cells exhibit locally repeating representations, undermining the global cognitive map view of place cells. This phenomenon appears to be related to the repetitive layout of these mazes, but still no hypothesis adequately explains it. Here, we use a boundary vector cell (BVC) model of place cell firing to model the activity of place cells in numerous multicompartment environments. The activity of modeled place cells bears a striking resemblance to experimental data, replicating virtually every major experimental result. Our results support the BVC model and indicate that locally repeating place cell firing could result purely from local geometry.     

重型燃气轮机高雷诺数CDA叶型转捩特性数值计算

为研究重型燃气轮机的压气机叶片在高雷诺数工况下的气动性能,基于Gamma-Theta转捩模型的雷诺时均方程对某可 控扩散叶型进行了数值计算。通过对比不控制马赫数与控制马赫数,分析高雷诺数对可控扩散叶型气动性能及转捩特性的影响。 结果表明：在不控制马赫数条件下,在零攻角时,雷诺数从7×10 5 增大为9×10 5 ,总压损失增加了约391.95%;在高雷诺数工况下随 着雷诺数的增大,叶片流动损失不断增大,叶片可用攻角范围减小,同时在叶片吸力面出现激波,干扰转捩的产生。在控制马赫数 条件下,当Ma=0.6时,在零攻角工况下,雷诺数从8.2×10 5 增大为1×10 7 ,总压损失减小了约38.98%,吸力面转捩起始点从4.78%弦 长处前移至1.11%弦长处;在高雷诺数工况下,叶片流动损失随着雷诺数的增大不断减小,吸力面转捩位置前移。     

温度参数下轴编C/C复合材料的超高温热结构性能分析

为了研究轴编碳/碳（C/C）复合材料的超高温热结构性能,开展了2800℃超高温载荷下复合材料的拉伸实验,表征了复合材料组分材料的高温失效形貌;提出了立方体单胞和正六棱柱单胞的温度周期性边界条件的算法和预测复合材料等效热结构参数的方法,在材料属性各向同性正六棱柱单胞模型上验证了方法的正确性;最后建立了轴编C/C复合材料的代表性体积单元,计算了复合材料随温度载荷变化下的等效热结构参数,与实验数据进行了对比分析。分析表明：开展的轴编C/C复合材料的超高温拉伸实验,可以得到复合材料在2800℃载荷下复合材料的等效刚度值,同时分析了轴向试件和径向试件的高温失效机理,径向试件的纤维束拉伸强度对复合材料的径向拉伸强度起到决定性的作用。在应用位移以及温度周期性边界条件的基础上,提出的方法可以得到随温度载荷变化下复合材料的等效热结构参数,得出复合材料在横向满足近似各向同性的特性,预测结果表明只改变温度参数下复合材料的等效热导率不会发生改变。提出的方法同样也适用于其他编织复合材料的热结构性能研究。