考虑螺纹细节的螺栓预紧过程仿真分析研究

采用考虑螺纹细节的有限元模型对螺栓预紧过程进行仿真分析。研究了摩擦系数、支撑结构材料对螺栓扭矩系数、受力变形和螺纹扣的受力分配的影响。提出了根据螺栓变形计算螺栓相对刚度系数的方法。与传统的理论和经验结果对比表明,基于该精确模型的仿真能准确反映螺栓预紧过程,提高螺栓预紧力设计和强度校核准确度,为实现复杂连接结构螺栓预紧力精确设计和验证提供了有效解决途径。     

一种多级全固体运载火箭上升段自主制导方法

针对多子级全固体运载火箭在终端多约束下的耗尽关机制导问题,设计了一种基于“助推-滑行-助推”飞行模式的真空段自主制导方法。根据轨道动量矩守恒定律,推导出一种同时具有速度和位置矢量约束的定点制导算法(PA)。在PA理论基础上,建立了满足能量匹配的滑行轨道非线性方程组并降阶至一维迭代求解,解决了多级固定总冲约束的两点边值问题。蒙特卡洛仿真结果表明：该算法对固体运载火箭模型的参数偏差和不确定性具有强鲁棒性,并对多终端轨道任务(不同轨道高度和不同载荷质量)具有较强的自适应能力,因此该算法具有重要的理论意义和工程应用价值。     

超临界自然层流机翼设计及基于TSP技术的边界层转捩风洞试验

为了实现绿色航空节能减排的目标,层流设计技术成为飞行器设计者的研究热点。对于跨声速客机而言,超临界自然层流机翼设计技术将显著减小飞行阻力,提升气动性能,减少燃油消耗和污染物排放。首先,基于高精度边界层转捩预测技术耦合翼型优化设计系统,实现超临界自然层流翼型设计;经过合理的翼型配置,形成超临界自然层流机翼。转捩数值模拟分析结果表明,超临界自然层流机翼的层流流动特性良好。然后,以比例为1：10.4的试验模型在荷兰高速低湍流度风洞进行边界层转捩风洞试验,使用温度敏感材料涂层（TSP）技术拍照获得机翼表面在不同马赫数、雷诺数和迎角工况下的层流-湍流分布。最后,通过超临界自然层流机翼边界层转捩试验结果,探讨了该类型机翼的转捩特性随来流参数的变化规律,总结了超临界自然层流机翼设计的关键因素。此外,该模型也可用来验证边界层转捩预测技术在超临界、高雷诺数工况下的预测精度。     

侧滑角对鼓包诱导曲面激波/边界层干扰特性的影响

利用仿真方法对侧滑条件下设计马赫数为2的三维壁面鼓包诱导流场进行了研究。结果表明:随着侧滑角的增大,迎风面的展向压力梯度增大,鼓包表面高压中心向迎风面偏移使得迎风面前缘旋涡强度增强,迎风侧出口总压恢复损失,最终导致鼓包下游流场畸变增加。同时鼓包表面流动拓扑结构表明,随着侧滑角的增加,迎风面分离区的准锥形相似特性增强,而背风面由准锥形相似逐渐发展为准柱形相似。      

模化设计对离心压气机气动噪声的影响

采用数值计算方法研究了模化设计对压气机气动噪声的影响,三维流场计算结果表明模化设计压气机与原始机型满足相似准则,整级性能参数误差在2%以内;流场结构的分析进一步证实了模化机型与原始机型流场相似。基于非定常雷诺平均方法和声学边界元方法的混合气动声学方法对模化前后的压气机气动噪声进行了数值预测,结果表明:压气机气动噪声主要由离散单音噪声和宽频噪声组成,且离散单音噪声占主导。模化机型总声压级随着模化比减小逐渐减小,相比于原始机型,模化机型离散单音噪声峰值仅略有降低,而宽频噪声大幅提高。压气机气动噪声在进气管口有明显指向性,模化机型声压幅值和指向性较原始机型降低,且变化趋势与模化比成正比。      

煤油燃料超燃发动机燃烧室温度测量与计算分析

为获得超燃冲压发动机燃烧室流场温度分布特性,深入分析发动机工作特性,对马赫数为2.0,总温为1100K,总压为1.0MPa的来流,利用可调谐的相干反斯托克斯拉曼散射（CARS）技术完成了直连式燃烧室流场温度测量;同时对实验状态进行了三维并行数值模拟,对比分析了计算和实验结果的差异。结果表明,隔离段温度的实验测量值与计算结果的最大相对误差约为0.8%;在燃烧室核心流区域,当量比为0.6和0.8两个状态下,实验测量值分别比计算值偏低约40K和150K,相对差异为4.2%和13%;在凹槽回流区内,当量比为0.6和0.8时实验值则分别比计算值偏低约140K和170K,相对差异为11.7%和7.5%。主喷油位置喷入当量比为0.2的燃料对燃烧室区域的温度和压力分布会产生较大影响,但对扩张段及后部区域的推力性能不会产生显著的改变。      

盘式对转永磁风力发电机设计与分析

针对现有风力发电系统普遍存在的工作风速范围较窄、风能利用率较低等问题,设计了一种盘式双转子对转永磁风力发电机,双转子对转运行。在介绍该电机的结构与运行原理的基础上,推导了电机功率尺寸方程,给出了该电机的初步设计方法。利用有限元软件对电机进行了三维建模和动态仿真分析,得到其磁路特点和电磁性能,验证了所提设计方法的有效性。     

Experimental investigation on aero-heating of rudder shaft within laminar/turbulent hypersonic boundary layers

The aero-heating of the rudder shaft region of a hypersonic vehicle is very harsh, as the peak heat flux in this region can be even higher than that at the stagnation point. Therefore, studying the aero-heating of the rudder shaft is of great significance for designing the thermal protection system of the hypersonic vehicle. In the wind tunnel test of the aero-heating effect, we find that with the increase of the angle of attack of the lifting body model, the increasement of the heat flux of the rudder shaft is larger under laminar flow conditions than that under turbulent flow conditions. To understand this, we design a wind tunnel experiment to study the effect of laminar/turbulent hypersonic boundary layers on the heat flux of the rudder shaft under the same wind tunnel freestream conditions. The experiment is carried out in the ?2 m shock tunnel(FD-14 A) affiliated to the China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center(CARDC). The laminar boundary layer on the model is triggered to a turbulent one by using vortex generators, which are 2 mm-high diamonds. The aero-heating of the rudder shaft(with the rudder) and the protuberance(without the rudder) are studied in both hypersonic laminar and turbulent boundary layers under the same freestream condition. The nominal Mach numbers are 10 and 12, and the unit Reynolds numbers are2.4 × 10~6 m~(-1) and 2.1 × 10~6 m-1. The angle of attack of the model is 20°, and the deflection angle of the rudder and the protuberance is 10°. The heat flux on the model surface is measured by thin film heat flux sensors, and the heat flux distribution along the center line of the lifting body model suggests that forced transition is achieved in the upstream of the rudder. The test results of the rudder shaft and the protuberance show that the heat flux of the rudder shaft is lower in the turbulent flow than that in the laminar flow, but the heat flux of the protuberance is the other way around,i.e., lower in the laminar flow than in the turbulent flow. The wind tunnel test results is also validated by numerical simulations. Our analysis suggests that this phenomenon is due to the difference of boundary layer velocities caused by different thickness of boundary layer between laminar and turbulent flows, as well as the restricted flow within the rudder gap. When the turbulent boundary layer is more than three times thicker than that of the laminar boundary layer, the heat flux of the rudder shaft under the laminar flow condition is higher than that under the turbulent flow condition. Discovery of this phenomenon has great importance for guiding the design of the thermal protection system for the rudder shaft of hypersonic vehicles.     

Effect of drag reducing riblet surface on coherent structure in turbulent boundary layer

The characteristics of turbulent boundary layer over streamwise aligned drag reducing riblet surface under zero-pressure gradient are investigated using particle image velocimetry. The formation and distribution of large-scale coherent structures and their effect on momentum partition are analyzed using two-point correlation and probability density function. Compared with smooth surface, the streamwise riblets reduce the friction velocity and Reynolds stress in the turbulent boundary layer, indicating the drag reduction effect. Strong correlation has been found between the occurrence of hairpin vortices and the momentum distribution. The number and streamwise length scale of hairpin vortices decrease over streamwise riblet surface. The correlation between number of uniform momentum zones and Reynolds number remains the same as smooth surface.     

Structural mass prediction in conceptual design of blended-wing-body aircraft

The Blended-Wing-Body (BWB) is an unconventional configuration of aircraft and considered as a potential configuration for future commercial aircraft. One of the difficulties in conceptual design of a BWB aircraft is structural mass prediction due to its unique structural feature. This paper presents a structural mass prediction method for conceptual design of BWB aircraft using a structure analysis and optimization method combined with empirical calibrations. The total BWB structural mass is divided into the ideal load-carrying structural mass, non-ideal mass, and secondary structural mass. Structural finite element analysis and optimization are used to predict the ideal primary structural mass, while the non-ideal mass and secondary structural mass are estimated by empirical methods. A BWB commercial aircraft is used to demonstrate the procedure of the BWB structural mass prediction method. The predicted mass of structural components of the BWB aircraft is presented, and the ratios of the structural component mass to the Maximum TakeOff Mass (MTOM) are discussed. It is found that the ratio of the fuselage mass to the MTOM for the BWB aircraft is much higher than that for a conventional commercial aircraft, and the ratio of the wing mass to the MTOM for the BWB aircraft is slightly lower than that for a conventional aircraft.