航空电子计量校准述评

讨论了航空电子系统的含义，介绍了航空电子校准的内涵、范围、目的，讨论了航空电子校准的现状、发展目标。结合现状，对于航空计量部门介入航空电子校准，提出了几点原则和建议。     

光笔式无导轨三坐标测量系统的研究

提出一种非正交系统(俗称无机械导轨),利用位置敏感探测器PSD交汇成像实现三坐标测量,其测量头为一支带有点光源的笔,故称“光笔式无导轨三坐标测量系统”。文章阐述了该系统的结构设计理论及测量原理。     

光学内反射测角方法及其在精密测试中的应用

总结了基于光学内反射测角法的微小角度测量的基本原理、特性、发展现状以及其在精密测试中的应用。     

Optimal assimilation for ionospheric weather – Theoretical aspect

Observation, specification and prediction of ionospheric weather are the key scientific pursuits of space physicists, which largely based on an optimal assimilation system. The optimal assimilation system, or commonly called data assimilation system, consists of dynamic process, observation system and optimal estimation procedure. We attempt to give a complete framework in this paper under which the data assimilation procedure carries through. We discuss some crucial issues of data assimilation as follows: modeling a dynamic system for ionospheric weather; state estimation for static or steady system in sense of optimization and likelihood; state and its uncertainty estimation for dynamic process. Meanwhile we also discuss briefly the observability of an observation system; system parameter identification. Some data assimilation procedures existed at present are reviewed in the framework of this paper. As an example, a second order dynamic system is discussed in more detail to illustrate the specific optimal assimilation procedure, ranging from modeling the system, state and its uncertainty calculation, to the quantitatively integration of dynamic law, measurement to significantly reduce the estimation error. The analysis shows that the optimal assimilation model, with mathematical core of optimal estimation, differs from the theoretical, empirical and semi-empirical models in assimilating measured data, being constrained by physical law and being optimized respectively. The data assimilation technique, due to its optimization and integration feature, could obtain better accurate results than those obtained by dynamic process, measurement or their statistical analysis alone. The model based on optimal assimilation meets well with the criterion of the model or algorithm assessment by ‘space weather metrics’. More attention for optimal assimilation procedure creation should be paid to transition matrix finding, which is usually not easy for practical space weather system. High performance computing hardware and software studies should be promoted further so as to meet the requirement of large storage and extensive computation in the optimal estimation. The discussion in this paper is appropriate for the static or steady state or transition process of dynamic system. Many phenomena in space environment are unstable and chaos. So space environment study should include and integrate these two branches of learning. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

射流冲击对短通道出流孔流场影响的实验研究

在有错排射流的短通道内，用五孔针对小长径比、进出口无倒角的直孔内流场进行了详细的测量，着重研究不同通道高度和射流雷诺数对孔内流动规律的影响、实验结果表明：通道高度的变化会显著改变孔内的流场结构，从而影响孔的流量系数；而同一高度比情况下．雷诺数变化的影响则相对较小；孔内流动存在旋涡结构并随通道高度的增大而减弱以至消失．该结果有助于深入了解上游有射流冲击的通道连接段的流动与换热规律。     

无源雷达波束扫描时差定位方法

运用波束扫描时差定位原理,提出了四站雷达无源定位的模型并对该方法的定位精度进行了分析,同时对已有的定位算法进行了研究并提出了改进措施,最后给出了具体条件下的仿真分析。     

浮法玻璃均匀性的光学检测方法

在浮法玻璃的生产中,均匀性的检测与控制对于玻璃的质量保证至关重要.本文给出了一种可有效用于浮法玻璃均匀性检测的光学方法.实验结果表明,该方法采用平行偏振光成像系统和CCD图像采集与处理技术,可以清楚地获得平板玻璃样品侧向均匀性分布的光学图像,并能对图像的灰度分布进行定量分析,从而可为玻璃的质量评价和工艺控制提供可靠的依据.     

基于ICT图像的航空发动机涡轮叶片壁厚尺寸精密测量方法

为保障航空发动机的可靠性,要求精确测量发动机叶片不同界面处的内、外表面法线方向的厚度。为此,研究了一种基于ICT图像的叶片壁厚尺寸亚像素级精密测量方法。它采用边界提取技术确定叶片内、外表面法线的方向;应用亚像素级边界定位技术,在该法线方向,定位壁厚的起始边界点和终止边界点;然后,计算两个边界点坐标位置差,获得以像素为单位的壁厚尺寸;最后,对像素尺寸进行标定,获得以毫米为单位的壁厚尺寸。试验结果表明,本文方法实际测量精度达到0.2个像素和0.042mm。     

偏二甲肼中偏腙含量测量结果的可靠性研究

按照国家军用标准GJB753-89《偏二甲肼》中规定的气相色谱法测量了偏二甲肼中的偏腙含量,评定了测量结果的不确定度,确定了影响测量结果可靠性的主要因素,并就如何提高测量结果的可靠性提出了建议.     

切削加工表面残余应力研究的现状与进展

从已加工表面形成过程的角度说明了切削加工表面残余应力产生的机理;综述了切削加工表面残余应力研究方法和研究进展;并介绍了残余应力的测试方法及其最新进展。