增量式光电轴角编码器微机数显系统

采用增量式光电轴角编码器为位移测量传感器,采用微机处理输出信号,从而使系统智能化,且具有误差补偿功能。通过光电转换,将位移量转换成电脉冲信号。提出了高低速计数方法。获得了高精度绝对零位。为减少振动对系统的干扰,设计了抗振电路。     

仪器的温度误差

分析计算了精密测量中温度误差的影响,讨论了减少和补偿温度误差的方法,并就仪器温度误差的建模问题进行了探讨。     

最小条件平面度误差的快速逼近算法

应用最佳一致逼近理论，从最小条件出发建立了评定平面度误差的数学模型，对评定平面度误差的理论问题进行了分析研究。给出了便于计算机判别的平面度误差代数判别准则。在此基础上提出了一种计算平面度误差的新方法─—快速逼近算法。和其它算法所进行的对比运算表明，该算法计算准确度高、运算速度快，并可用于直线度，圆度等误差的计算。     

X－频段波导测量线自动测试系统

介绍一种普及型ｘ－频段波导测量线自动测试系统。该系统是用现代测试思想和方法对传统波导测量线的改造而组成的。测试系统改造成本低，测试过程实现了自动化，测试准确度高，系统稳定性好，并给出了几种驻波测试的数学模型。     

动基座姿态校准模型分析

以数学形式定义了对动基座进行姿态校准的任务,建立了理想单机基础模型,并结合现状分析给出了双机联立模型变体。适用于准直光等形式的测姿方案。     

利用月面链路的月球车定位体制

提出一种利用月面月球车-着陆器UHF(Ultra High Frequency)近程通信链路的高精度测距、测角的新方法,实现月球车的精密定位.该体制采用直序扩频和CCSDS(Consultative Committee for Space Date Systems) Proximity-1协议实现月球车-着陆器之间的数据交互,利用双向异步传输帧非相干扩频测距方法实现精密测距,利用着陆器双天线形成短基线实现对月球车方位角的精密测量.讨论了用于测距的CCSDS Proximity-1协议帧结构、双向异步传输帧测距原理、方位角的载波相位差分干涉测量原理,以及建立月面着陆参考系并给出月球车精确定位的方法.研究表明,所提出的方法功能集成度高、信道资源利用率高、设备简单、性能指标满足月球探测二期月球车的月面定位、通信任务需求.      

基于ICT图像的航空发动机涡轮叶片壁厚尺寸精密测量方法

为保障航空发动机的可靠性,要求精确测量发动机叶片不同界面处的内、外表面法线方向的厚度。为此,研究了一种基于ICT图像的叶片壁厚尺寸亚像素级精密测量方法。它采用边界提取技术确定叶片内、外表面法线的方向;应用亚像素级边界定位技术,在该法线方向,定位壁厚的起始边界点和终止边界点;然后,计算两个边界点坐标位置差,获得以像素为单位的壁厚尺寸;最后,对像素尺寸进行标定,获得以毫米为单位的壁厚尺寸。试验结果表明,本文方法实际测量精度达到0.2个像素和0.042mm。     

Optimal assimilation for ionospheric weather – Theoretical aspect

Observation, specification and prediction of ionospheric weather are the key scientific pursuits of space physicists, which largely based on an optimal assimilation system. The optimal assimilation system, or commonly called data assimilation system, consists of dynamic process, observation system and optimal estimation procedure. We attempt to give a complete framework in this paper under which the data assimilation procedure carries through. We discuss some crucial issues of data assimilation as follows: modeling a dynamic system for ionospheric weather; state estimation for static or steady system in sense of optimization and likelihood; state and its uncertainty estimation for dynamic process. Meanwhile we also discuss briefly the observability of an observation system; system parameter identification. Some data assimilation procedures existed at present are reviewed in the framework of this paper. As an example, a second order dynamic system is discussed in more detail to illustrate the specific optimal assimilation procedure, ranging from modeling the system, state and its uncertainty calculation, to the quantitatively integration of dynamic law, measurement to significantly reduce the estimation error. The analysis shows that the optimal assimilation model, with mathematical core of optimal estimation, differs from the theoretical, empirical and semi-empirical models in assimilating measured data, being constrained by physical law and being optimized respectively. The data assimilation technique, due to its optimization and integration feature, could obtain better accurate results than those obtained by dynamic process, measurement or their statistical analysis alone. The model based on optimal assimilation meets well with the criterion of the model or algorithm assessment by ‘space weather metrics’. More attention for optimal assimilation procedure creation should be paid to transition matrix finding, which is usually not easy for practical space weather system. High performance computing hardware and software studies should be promoted further so as to meet the requirement of large storage and extensive computation in the optimal estimation. The discussion in this paper is appropriate for the static or steady state or transition process of dynamic system. Many phenomena in space environment are unstable and chaos. So space environment study should include and integrate these two branches of learning. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

迈克耳孙干涉仪读数器的设计

迈克耳孙干涉实验常用来进行精密测量，在测量中对条纹移动数量的计数直接决定着测量结果。应用光纤传感器及电子电路制作的读数装置，能记录干涉条纹在任一单方向移动的相对数目。它结构简单，具有实用性，使实验人员从烦琐的读数测量工作中解脱出来。它还适用于其它干涉条纹实验的自动读数之用。     

微机电惯性测量元件在导航系统的应用研究

介绍了微机电(MEMS)惯性测量元件(IMU)的基本情况，总结了误差主要来源，根据公开文献介绍的性能测试参数，建立了动态误差模型，并与GPS测量的速度和位置组合，进行了导航系统的数学仿真。仿真结果表明，MEMS—IMU尚不能独立构成导航系统，但与GPS组合，则可满足低精度的导航要求。