旋转带肋直通道湍流流动TR-PIV实验

采用高频粒子图像测速系统(TR-PIV)测量了旋转带肋通道内的主流平均速度、雷诺切应力、再附点等参数,并研究其沿程变化规律,通道高宽比为1,肋的阻塞比为01,雷诺数为10 000,旋转数从0变化到052,实验结果表明:静止时流动呈对称分布,但旋转后产生的哥氏力会极大地影响通道内的湍流流动,随着转速的增加,主流速度型偏向后缘面,前缘面涡系结构不断增大,再附点不断后移,而后缘面正好相反,并且这种趋势会沿程发展;前缘面附近的雷诺切应力变得越来越弱,而后缘面则越来越强,沿程雷诺切应力极值基本不变,但下游区域有所扩大。      

Environmental stress level evaluation approach based on physical model and interval grey association degree

 Associating environmental stresses (ESs) with built-in test (BIT) output is an important means to help diagnose intermittent faults (IFs). Aiming at low efficiency in association of traditional time stress measurement device (TSMD), an association model is built. Thereafter, a novel approach is given to evaluate the integrated environmental stress (IES) level. Firstly, the selection principle and approach of main environmental stresses (MESs) and key characteristic parameters (KCPs) are presented based on fault mode, mechanism, and ESs analysis (FMMEA). Secondly, reference stress events (RSEs) are constructed by dividing IES into three stress levels according to its impact on faults; and then the association model between integrated environmental stress event (IESE) and BIT output is built. Thirdly, an interval grey association approach to evaluate IES level is proposed due to the interval number of IES value. Consequently, the association output can be obtained as well. Finally, a case study is presented to demonstrate the proposed approach. Results show the proposed model and approach are effective and feasible. This approach can be used to guide ESs measure, record, and association. It is well suited for on-line assistant diagnosis of faults, especially IFs.     

薄壳机匣开孔补强的应力集中分析

发动机机匣上安装凸台结构，可简化为机匣壳体开孔后用围壁和加强板组合补强的力学模型。文中从弹性力学的基本公式出发，采用上述简化模型，得到了壳体孔边应力分析的计算公式，并编制了计算程序，进行了实例计算，获得了发动机机匣各种安装凸台的应力集中系数。本文的研究成果对合理地确定机匣安装凸台的几何形状和尺寸具有参考价值。     

Experimental investigation on deformation behavior of TJ-1 lunar soil simulant subjected to principal stress rotation

The knowledge of mechanical properties of lunar soil is of fundamental importance for the coming exploration of the Moon. This paper aims to investigate the fundamental deformation behavior of lunar soil and the effects of the intermediate principal stress coefficient, deviatoric stress ratio, and mean stress during the principal stress rotation. First, an improved technique was proposed to generate homogeneous samples based on the Multi-layer Undercompaction Method. Second, three series of tests on TJ-1 lunar soil simulant under the principal stress rotation were performed with a hollow cylinder apparatus at Tongji University, China. In each series of tests, only one value of the three variables mentioned above was changed while the others were kept constant. The test results demonstrate that the rotation of principal stress can result in significant plastic deformation, volumetric strain, and non-coaxiality (non-coincidence of the increment direction of principal plastic strain with the principal stress direction) of TJ-1 lunar soil simulant. In addition, it is found that the intermediate principal stress coefficient, deviatoric stress ratio, and mean stress have different influences on the four strain components, i.e. _εz,_εr,_εθ${\epsilon }_z\text{,}{\epsilon }_{\text{r}}\text{,}{\epsilon }_{\theta }$ and _γzθ${\gamma }_{z\theta }$, volumetric strain, and non-coaxiality during the principal stress rotation. The influence of deviatoric stress ratio is relatively stronger than the others. Therefore, the influence of principal stress rotation on the deformation behavior of lunar soil should be taken into account carefully in the design and construction of facilities on the lunar surface in the future.     

民机机翼千斤顶顶升装置分析

千斤顶顶升情况是民用飞机在进行维修、更换零部件时必须考虑的一个状态。对民机顶升的相关适航条款进行了理解;对B737及A320的机翼顶升装置进行了总结对比,通过传力分析,比较了其优缺点。两种机型的传力方式稍有不同：B737机翼顶升载荷的垂直分量由加强肋承担主要传递到前梁,水平分量通过挤压由下壁板承担;A320机翼顶升载荷...     

振动时效在消除铸铝合金框架变形中的应用

铸铝合金异型件在加工过程中的变形问题广泛存在,而残余应力是引起变形的关键因素。本文从框架类产品的设计结构入手,分析残余应力与产品变形间的关系,结合振动时效工艺机理,重点详述了利用振动时效消除铸铝合金框架类产品变形工艺。试验表明,振动时效可显著消除铸铝合金框架件变形。     

基于光纤陀螺的保偏光纤热致双折射

针对光纤陀螺在温度变化条件下的性能恶化问题,理论上分析了保偏光纤的热致双折射引起的偏振耦合是局限光纤陀螺精度的主要因素.采用有限元法计算光纤线圈在不同温度下的应力分布,并根据高低温不同的应力状态分别推导了双折射的变化情况.在光纤陀螺工作温度范围内,选取6个典型温度点计算光纤环上热应力和消光比的变化,结果显示,干扰双折射随温度变化的减小而减小,并将理论计算结果用测试消光比的试验验证.研究表明,双涂敷层光纤、胶粘剂、陀螺金属骨架材料的热力学性能的差异,导致光纤线圈在不同温度下折射率改变.在60℃时,光纤折射率差约为1×10^-4,与光纤本征折射率差5.5×10^-4达到同一个量级,这将严重影响光纤保偏性能及陀螺精度.     

旋转盘应力水平与温度分布的关联分析

基于有限元的热-弹性耦合算法,在等冷气耗量条件下,对旋转轮盘内应力水平与其表面温度分布的关联性进行了数值研究.在转速为 000 r/min,内、外缘温度分别为00℃和50℃条件下,盘面温度沿半径方向采用不同的"V"形变化时,得到了盘内等效应力水平随盘面温度分布变化的规律.计算结果表明:采用"V"形变化的盘面温度分布可以有效地降低盘内应力水平,说明了盘内应力水平与盘表面的温度分布存在着较强的关联性,在保证航空发动机整体气动性能的前提下,通过控制涡轮盘表面温度分布来有效降低轮盘的应力水平是可行的.      

Research on the Plane Multiple Cracks Stress Intensity Factors Based on Stochastic Finite Element Method

Taylor stochastic finite element method (SFEM) is applied to analyze the uncertainty of plane multiple cracks stress intensity factors (SIFs) considering the uncertainties of material properties, crack length, and load. The stochastic finite element model of plane multiple cracks are presented. In this model, crack tips are meshed with six-node triangular quarter-point elements; and other area is meshed with six-node triangular elements. The partial derivatives of displacement and stiffness matrix with respect to all the random variables obtained by Taylor SFEM are derived. Meanwhile, the mean and variance expressions of SIF under uncertain factors are also derived. Parallel double-crack illustrative example of using the proposed method is given. The calculation results indicate that the uncertainty of SIF is influenced by the distance of the cracks, the smaller the distance of cracks is, the greater the SIF uncertainty is, and the uncertainties of material elastic modulus, load and crack length markedly affect the uncertainty of SIF; and the Poisson ratio of material has little influence. Among the variables, the elastic modulus has the greatest effect on SIF uncertainty. The next is external load. The crack length has lower effect on SIF uncertainty than both the elastic modulus and external load.     

键连接组合梁的剪力计算

利用接触面层间纵向伸长相等的条件,建立了键连接组合梁在外荷载作用下弯曲变形时的内力平衡方程,并推导出了键连接组合梁的层间剪力计算公式;提出了计算键连接组合梁、铆接组合梁、螺栓连接组合梁弯曲变形时的剪力计算方法,对准确认识、理解、掌握键连接组合梁弯曲变形有实际意义。