一种自冷却结构燃油泵滑动轴承润滑特性分析

为研究低介质黏度和自冷却结构限制下的航空燃油泵滑动轴承润滑特性分布规律,基于油膜动压润滑流动的Reynolds方程和等效黏度润滑流动模型,以绝热流动为假设简化滑动轴承内部流动的能量积分方程,构建一种联合Reynolds方程和绝热流动能量积分方程的燃油泵滑动轴承热流动润滑流动模型。采用CFD数值模拟和有限差分法相结合的混合仿真方法,分别对不同的间隙比、偏心率、宽径比条件下的滑动轴承的油膜压力、油膜厚度、油膜温度、端泄漏量、摩擦阻力等润滑特性进行了仿真分析。仿真结果表明:采用CFD计算滑动轴承径向载荷精度优于4.0%;保持偏心率不变,油膜承载力随着间隙比的增加而单调下降,油膜厚度随着间隙比的增高而增加;保持间隙比不变,油膜的承载力随着偏心率的增大也逐渐增大,油膜厚度随着偏心率的增高而下降,而油膜温度与油膜厚度成反比,且随着偏心率的升高,油膜温度的峰值越来越明显;当偏心率、间隙比一定时,可通过增加宽径比提高滑动轴承的油膜承载力。因此在滑动轴承的设计中,需综合考虑油膜承载力、端泄漏量、油膜厚度和温升间的相互制约因素,合理地优化间隙比、宽径比和偏心率以提高滑动轴承润滑性能。      

航空煤油泵轴尾机械密封副材料特性

为选择适合在航空煤油介质中工作的机械密封副材料,对材料的摩擦特性进行了研究,利用摩擦磨损试验机得到不同工况条件与表面粗糙度下材料的摩擦因数、温升,在原子力显微镜(AFM)下对3组典型配对材料的微观磨损形貌进行观测,分析磨粒磨损和黏着磨损的行为差异,计算磨损的关键参数。研究发现:聚四氟乙烯（PTFE)在既定条件下为性能最佳的软材料;硬材料表面粗糙度值为0.05时的摩擦性能最佳,不同硬材料间性能差异不大。研究发现PTFE在配磨材料上产生的犁沟效应最轻微,黏附的元素颗粒最少;黏着磨损会造成表面高度分布函数的偏移,利用离散化求解公式得到了黏着体积与平均黏着厚度。      

An adaptive-order particle filter for remaining useful life prediction of aviation piston pumps

An accurate estimation of the remaining useful life (RUL) not only contributes to an effective application of an aviation piston pump, but also meets the necessity of condition based maintenance (CBM). For the current RUL evaluation methods, a model-based method is inappropriate for the degradation process of an aviation piston pump due to difficulties of modeling, while a data-based method rarely presents high-accuracy prediction in a long period of time. In this work, an adaptive-order particle filter (AOPF) prognostic process is proposed aiming at improving long-term prediction accuracy of RUL by combining both kinds of methods. A dynamic model is initialized by a data-driven or empirical method. When a new observation comes, the prior state distribution is approximated by a current model. The order of the current model is updated adaptively by fusing the information of the observation. Monte Carlo simulation is employed for estimating the posterior probability density function of future states of the pump’s degradation. With updating the order number adaptively, the method presents a higher precision in contrast with those of traditional methods. In a case study, the proposed AOPF method is adopted to forecast the degradation status of an aviation piston pump with experimental return oil flow data, and the analytical results show the effectiveness of the proposed AOPF method.     

某型直升机液压泵特性试验测试系统

液压泵特性试验对测试响应时间要求很高,因此建立一种合理的测试系统是非常重要的.本文从泵的特性测试着手,重点阐述了泵特性试验中主要测量参数压力、流量的测试方法并建立了一种以DP440动态信号分析仪为核心的自动测试系统.     

电动泵与挤压式推进系统对比研究

对电动泵和挤压式推进系统进行了对比研究,主要考虑了气瓶、增压气体、贮箱、电池和电机等因素对推进系统的影响,结果表明:相对于传统的挤压式推进系统,电动泵供应系统已经具有明显的优势,而且能够获得更高的综合性能;锂离子电池具有较大的能量密度和功率密度,更适合应用于电动泵供应系统;采用高性能永磁电机能够使得整个推进系统的质量更轻。在实际推进系统设计时,应综合平衡发动机推力、燃烧室压力和工作时间等参数的影响,才能有效地控制电池和电机的质量,保证整个系统具有较高的综合性能。     

冷气掺混对高压涡轮气动性能影响的数值研究

采用数值方法研究了冷气掺混对高压涡轮气动性能和叶栅通道内部二次流动结构的影响,计算结果表明:冷气流量增加,冷却高压涡轮导叶和转子型面总载荷降低,导叶进、出口马赫数均减小,转子出口相对马赫数在径向0~0.55区域增大而在径向0.55~1.0区域减小.导叶进、出口气流角受冷气流量的变化影响较小.冷气流量由压气机进口流量的4.83%增加至14.49%,转子进口相对气流角在径向0.05~0.95区域增大而出口相对气流角在径向0.6~1.0区域减小,导叶绝热壁面冷却效率先升高后降低而转子绝热壁面冷却效率提高了19.33%.轮毂和机匣封严气呈束状进入转子叶栅通道且腔内封严气流动受旋转轮盘抽吸效应影响较大.      

某高低压泵组件运转后扫膛问题的分析

分析了某高低压泵组件装配运转过程中的一般技术问题基础方法,详细分析了高低压泵组件运转后壳体八字孔扫膛的问题,为提高该类产品的运转合格率提供了分析研究方向。     

Review of cylinder block/valve plate interface in axial piston pumps: Theoretical models,experimental investigations,and optimal design

Axial piston pumps have been widely used in aircraft hydraulic systems to supply the system with pressurized fluid. The continuous improvement of the aircraft performance has put forward the demand on aviation piston pumps for high power density, safety, and reliability. The lubricating interfaces in axial piston machines are the key design issue that greatly determines the pump performance and service life. The cylinder block/valve plate interface is one of these critical lubricating interfaces and has received considerable attention from many researchers in the last half century. This study aims to review the state‐of‐the‐art literature on the cylinder block/valve plate interface comprehensively and systematically. First, we introduce various theoretical models developed to investigate the lubrication behaviors of the interface and compare them in terms of their assumptions and limitations. Second, the experimental studies on the cylinder block/valve plate interface are presented comprehensively, where the involved test rigs are divided into three types according to their fidelity levels and measurement functionality. Third, we summarize some typical approaches of structure optimization, surface shaping, and surface strengthening, which help improve the load-carrying and anti-wear capacities of the interface under severe operating conditions. Finally, the challenges and future trends of the cylinder block/valve plate interface research are discussed briefly.     

低比转速泵叶轮流道内部流动的PIV试验

介绍了粒子图像测速仪(PIV)、泵试验装置和试验方案.采用PIV技术,对3种流量下叶轮流道内部3个不同测量平面上的流动进行了试验研究,获得了速度矢量分布.探讨了速度分布沿叶轮周向和轴向的变化规律以及流量对速度分布的影响.结果表明,随着流量的减小,吸力面速度略有减小,压力面速度变化较为明显,当流量达到额定流量的0.6倍时,在压力面附近存在回流现象;在叶轮出口处,流量对相对速度方向没有明显影响;叶轮流道内部速度沿轴向分布均匀,绝对速度沿半径方向呈增加趋势,无量纲绝对速度的周向分量v_u/v从压力面到吸力面呈下降趋势,且随流量的减小而增大.研究结果为叶轮设计以及离心泵内部流动的试验研究提供了借鉴.      

泵阀联合EHA效率设计仿真分析

分析了泵阀联合电动静液作动器(EHA,Electrical Hydraulic Actuator)效率的影响因素,提出了降低油源压力设计值以提高效率的方法.针对泵阀联合EHA的工作特点,在负载相同的条件下,对伺服阀和定量泵的输出流量、损耗流量变化、作动系统整体效率变化进行了分析,并分析了油源压力设计值变化对系统主要性能参数的影响.相对于常规阀控系统设计,在一定范围内降低油源压力设计值的方法可提高液压系统总效率,减少流量损耗引起的功率损耗.系统快速性提高,稳定性增强,抗扰动能力下降,因而系统效率设计要兼顾性能综合进行.以弹性负载为对象的作动系统仿真计算验证了设计方法的可行性.