Experimental and numerical study of tip injection in a subsonic axial flow compressor

Parametric study of tip injection was implemented experimentally on a subsonic axial flow compressor to understand the underlying flow mechanisms of stability improvement of the compressor with discrete tip injection.Injector throat height varied from 2 to 6 times the height of rotor tip clearance,and circumferential coverage percentage ranged from 8.3％ to 25％ of the annulus.Static pressure fluctuations over the rotor tip were measured with fast-response pressure transducers.Whole-passage time-accurate simulations were also carried out to help us understand the flow details.The combinations of tip injection with traditional casing treatments were experi mentally studied to generate an engineering-acceptable method of compressor stall control.The results indicate that the maximum stability improvement is achieved when injectors are choked despite their different sizes.The effect of circumferential coverage percentage on compressor stabil ity depends on the value of injector throat height for un-choked injectors,and vice versa.Tip blockage in the blade passage is greatly reduced by the choked injectors,which is the primary reason for stability enhancement.The accomplishment of blockage diminishment is maintained in the circumferential direction with the unsteady effect of tip injection,which manifests as a hysteresis between the recovery of tip blockage and the recovery of tip leakage vortex.The unsteady effect is primarily responsible for the effectiveness of tip injection with a partial circumferential coverage.Tip injection cannot enhance the stability of the rotor with axial slots significantly,but it can improve the stabil ity of the rotor with circumferential grooves further.The combined structure of tip injection with circumferential grooves is an alternative for engineering application.     

扰流板进气总压畸变试验

在吊舱进气道进口安装扰流板进行试验,研究扰流板进气畸变的影响因素及总压畸变特征。试验得到了进气道出口若干马赫数下进气总压畸变的定量数据,研究了进气道出口压力分布和畸变指数随飞行马赫数、扰流板堵塞比、进气道出口马赫数的变化关系。试验结果表明：进气道出口对应点总压恢复系数随扰流板堵塞比和进气道出口马赫数的减小而增大,几乎不随飞行马赫数发生变化;受扰流板、飞行侧滑角以及发动机低压转子转向影响,进气道出口局部区域存在高压区,高压区域的大小和位置随飞行马赫数、扰流板堵塞比、进气道出口马赫数的变化而变化;各总压畸变指数随扰流板堵塞比和进气道出口马赫数增大而增大,飞行马赫数对畸变指数影响很小。同时,数值计算了不同飞行马赫数下进气道出口总压畸变特征及周向稳态畸变指数,与试验结果结论一致,验证了试验结果的可靠性,也证明了数值计算在总压畸变研究中的有效性。研究工作为进一步的空中逼喘试验奠定了基础。     

轮毂修型对压气机静子角区堵塞的影响

针对压气机静子角区分离产生堵塞的现象,开展了静子轮毂修型的研究.通过对实例静子不同方案的数值模拟,验证了轮毂修型可以有效的抑制角区分离,从而降低轮毂区域的堵塞.其中,对实例静子根部分离点处进行的轴向轮毂修型,可以使静子叶栅出口的堵塞量降低20.4%,静子10%叶高处总压恢复系数从原来的0.89提高到0.948.      

Experimental study on film cooling performance of imperfect holes

An experimental study is made to investigate the film cooling performance of imperfect holes due to in-hole blockage over a flat plate. A specifically pyramid-shaped element is used to simulate the in-hole blockage. Six in-hole blockage orientations (such as leading-inlet, leading-middle, leading-exit, trailing-inlet, trailing-middle and trailing-exit) and four blocking ratios (ranging from 0.1 to 0.4) are taken into considerations. Based on the experimental results, the influences of in-hole blockage on the film cooling effectiveness and discharge coefficient under typical blowing ratios are analyzed. It is confirmed that the in-hole blockage results in a reduction of discharge coefficient related to the perfect film cooling holes, especially for the leading-exit and trailing-inlet orientations with a big blocking ratio. However, in the view of film cooling effectiveness, the in-hole blockage shows complicated affecting roles. In general, except for the leading-exit orientation, the in-hole blockages produce detrimental influence on the film cooling effectiveness.     

微尺度离心叶轮间隙泄漏流动堵塞模型

通过理论分析结合数值模拟,开展了针对微尺度离心叶轮间隙泄漏流动堵塞模型的研究.结合微尺度旋转机械低雷诺数和高马赫数的工作条件,建立了考虑可压缩性和黏性损失的间隙泄漏流动堵塞模型.通过数值模拟分析了微尺度间隙泄漏流动特征及黏性在其中的作用,判定黏性作用对间隙泄漏流动的驱动作用不可忽略,黏性作用与压差作用对间隙泄漏流动的驱动作用效果相当.同时,黏性作用还会导致间隙泄漏流动的初始堵塞增大.采用某微尺度离心叶轮对间隙泄漏流动堵塞模型进行了验证,从数值计算结果中提取气动堵塞结果并与模型预测结果进行对比,表明改进的间隙泄漏流动堵塞模型能更准确地对间隙泄漏流动堵塞进行评估,在微尺度条件下具备更好的适用性.      

多级轴流压气机出口级转子扩张通道优化设计

为提高多级轴流压气机后面级气动性能,针对某多级轴流压气机出口级转子搭建了基于遗传算法和神经网络代理模型的扩张通道压气机优化设计平台,并对其进行扩张通道优化设计研究。根据优化得到的数据库分析了各设计参数对效率和裕度的影响规律。在优化所得解集中选择了两个扩张通道设计方案,探究了其对效率和裕度的影响规律和机制。结果表明:扩张通道设计可使出口级转子在设计流量点的负荷提高12.1%、效率提高1.28%,同时获得12.50%的裕度改善量。基于当地熵产率损失模型可得,扩张通道转子相较于原型转子,其上下端壁损失增加,叶型损失减小。扩张通道转子近失速点堵塞系数变小是其裕度提升的主要原因。      

跨声速风扇转子叶尖小翼设计与扩稳机理研究

为了揭示叶尖小翼对跨声速风扇转子气动性能的影响机理,采用数值模拟方法研究了跨声速风扇转子NASA Rotor 67附加不同叶尖小翼的气动特性,并在分析不同叶顶间隙时风扇转子失稳机制的基础上探究了叶尖小翼的扩稳机理。研究结果表明:最大宽度的压力面小翼在小间隙、设计间隙和大间隙情况下分别使风扇转子失速裕度提高32%,33.6%和70.6%。小间隙时,转子叶尖泄漏涡和叶片吸力面附面层分离是影响风扇转子失稳的关键因素,设计间隙和大间隙时,叶尖泄漏涡导致的大面积阻塞区是影响风扇转子失稳的关键。三种不同叶顶间隙情况下,压力面小翼的扩稳机制均在于有效降低了转子叶尖泄漏涡强度,减弱了叶尖泄漏涡导致的低轴向速度区流体的阻塞程度。     

低速风洞均匀吸气地板下阻塞对地板边界层影响的研究

为了研究低速风洞地板下部阻塞对地板上表面边界层的影响以及控制方法,在国防科技大学KD-03低速风洞利用均匀吸气地板系统进行了实验研究.地板下部阻塞对地板上表面主流区的流动产生干扰,并影响边界层的分布和发展,随着地板下部阻塞度的增加,地板上表面边界层的厚度有增加的趋势;在某一阻塞度和吸气系数下,来流速度越大,地板下部的阻塞对主流区流动的影响越小;地板的均匀吸气使边界层的厚度显著降低,也有效减小因地板下部阻塞引起的主流区流动的不均匀性.该实验的研究结论为8m×6m风洞均匀吸气地板系统研制提供了参考.     

气动阀型式对脉冲爆震发动机爆震特性的影响

通过改变气动阀结构、堵塞比及进气阻力系数,研究了其对脉冲爆震发动机(PDE)爆震波压力特性的影响.为了改善燃油雾化、蒸发和掺混,低充填速度PDE宜采用双旋流式气动阀.同一类型气动阀堵塞比大,爆震效果好,但会使PDE充填速度和工作频率降低,其最佳堵塞比为60%～70%.不同型式气动阀爆震燃烧效果除和堵塞比有关外,还和正反向流动阻力系数有关,阻力系数越大,爆震燃烧效果越好.结果表明,结构简单的气动阀具有单向阀和气动雾化喷嘴的功能,能够用于PDE.     

一种特殊情形下风洞M≥1跨声速均匀流场的建立

在中国空气动力研究与发展中心高速所FL 24(1.2m×1.2m)跨超声速风洞中,通过采用减小风洞柔壁喷管喉道截面积的方法,成功地在风洞超扩段内装有大堵塞度六自由度机构情形下建立了均匀M≥1跨声速流场。流场校测结果表明,所获得的跨声速流场均匀性指标能满足试验要求,较为成功地解决了FL 24风洞进行跨声速CTS试验的问题,具有实际应用价值。