预混旋流多喷嘴火焰激光可视化实验研究

为了研究预混旋流多喷嘴火焰结构及当量比对多喷嘴火焰结构的影响,针对当量比0.51～0.8的甲烷/空气预混旋流多喷嘴火焰开展了平面激光诱导荧光测量研究。通过实验,获得了不同当量比下预混旋流多喷嘴火焰时均火焰形态和瞬态火焰结构分布特点。实验结果表明,相邻火焰相互冲刷,在相互作用区内强化了燃烧化学反应。相邻火焰之间的相互作用随着当量比的减小逐渐减弱,当量比小于0.53时,中心火焰熄灭,相邻火焰相互作用消失。多喷嘴外侧火焰推举高度小于中心火焰,稳定范围比中心火焰宽。当量比大于0.6时火焰推举高度随当量比的变化不明显,当量比小于0.6后火焰推举高度随着当量比的减小显著增加。随着当量比的降低,湍流脉动对火焰的褶皱扭曲作用逐渐增强,湍流火焰传播速度与层流火焰传播速度之比逐渐增大。     

一种超声速进气道侧壁面流场控制研究

为改善二元超声速进气道前体激波与侧壁面边界层干扰问题,提出了一种在侧壁开泄流气缝的流场控制方法并进行了数值仿真验证,然后研究了侧壁面开缝的宽度、位置、角度等典型几何参数对进气道性能的影响规律。结果表明:设计马赫数下侧壁开缝使进气道唇口角区处的溢流明显减小,进气道内通道进口流场得到改善,进气道流量系数提高2.27%,喉道截面总压恢复系数提高3.37%;在非设计状态下,进气道性能也有一定的改善。典型几何参数研究结果表明,当侧壁开缝位置位于前体斜激波位置(L=-1.4～-0.21)、开缝宽度为0.85～1.10倍当地边界层厚度时,对进气道性能的改善效果最佳,而开缝的角度影响并不明显。     

基于WENO-分段线性格式的直升机流场数值模拟

发展了一套适合于格心格式求解器的基于加权本质无振荡(WENO)-分段线性格式的旋翼/机身气动干扰高精度CFD计算方法。应用该方法对多种旋翼/机身组合模型前飞算例进行了数值模拟,计算得到的机身表面压力系数分布与实验结果吻合良好,说明了该方法对旋翼/机身气动干扰研究的有效性。之后进一步将该方法应用到悬停状态的X3构型复合式高速直升机旋翼/机翼/螺旋桨组合模型的复杂流场模拟中,并与悬停状态孤立旋翼和旋翼/机翼组合模型的流场进行了对比。研究发现:机翼对旋翼下洗流起阻滞作用,引起机翼下方不规则流动,且螺旋桨滑流与旋翼下洗流会相互干扰产生一定的偏折,旋翼下洗流速度更大,螺旋桨滑流会产生明显的向下偏折。      

多孔前缘抑制圆柱-翼型干涉噪声实验

为了抑制圆柱-翼型干涉噪声,提出了仿生多孔前缘结构的降噪措施,并在0.55 m×0.4 m声学风洞中进行了实验验证。针对典型构型,对比确定了多孔金属泡沫降低圆柱-翼型干涉峰值噪声和中高频噪声的效果。3种不同ppi（pores per inch）值多孔金属泡沫的详细声学测量结果表明,所提出的多孔前缘结构能在翼型迎角为0°和10°时,分别降低最多4.10 dB和4.67 dB的圆柱-翼型干涉峰值噪声,且能明显降低峰值频率右侧的中高频噪声;多孔材料的占比越大、ppi值越小,整体降噪效果越好。     

笔式三维建模系统的隐式映射机制

笔式三维建模系统支持用户基于纸笔隐喻自由勾画以表达三维模型,系统根据用户的交互意图完成相应的三维建模.针对笔式三维建模技术的交互特征,提出一种隐式映射机制.通过分析二维笔划以及交互的上下文,动态建立2个相互垂直的、虚拟的投影平面,从而将二维笔划信息平滑转换成三维空间信息.针对极限位置无法正常映射的情况,提出了一种坐标增量置换法来实现三维映射,不仅解决了极限位置的坐标映射,而且支持用户自由勾画更加复杂的三维模型.隐式映射机制将用户从繁琐、复杂的操作中解脱出来,集中精力关注创作灵感的表达.该方法已经在自主开发的笔式三维建模系统的原型系统PenSketch3D中得到验证,并取得了良好效果.      

高超声速层流干扰流场研究

文章研究了高超声速来流绕三维凸起物的层流干扰流场特征。研究工作在M=8轻活塞式炮风洞内完成，通过可改变楔角的模型试验给出纹影照片与特征位置的表面压力分布，分析了楔角变化引起的流动分离范围的变化、激波系的生成与演变以及压力分布及压力峰值改变规律。     

Effect of Martian atmosphere on aerodynamic performance of supersonic parachute two-body systems

Supersonic flows around parachute two-body systems are numerically investigated by solving the compressible Navier-Stokes equations. In the present study, both rigid and flexible parachute models are considered, which comprise a capsule and a canopy. The objective of the present study is to investigate the effects of the Martian atmosphere on the unsteady flows produced by these parachute two-body models and the structural behavior of the flexible canopy. It was found that in the Martian atmosph...     

机动行为下飞机油箱晃动流固耦合动力学分析

飞机执行机动飞行时整体处于大过载状态,此时的油箱晃动流固耦合问题较为复杂。针对这一问题,以某型飞机整体油箱为研究对象,建立ABAQUS与Star-CCM+联合仿真流固耦合方法,对飞机半滚倒转机动行为下的油箱晃动流固耦合效应进行分析,得到了半滚倒转过程中燃油的形态变化,流体域压力以及油箱部件的应力时程曲线等结果,并探究了油箱充液率变化对流固耦合效应的影响。结果表明：机动过载对油箱部件应力应变的影响大于燃油晃动冲击,除上蒙皮外部件应力均随着充液率增加而增加。     

Enhancing the efectiveness of film cooling

Advanced gas turbine stages are designed to operate at increasingly higher inlet temperatures to increase thermal efficiency and specific power output.To maintain durability and reasonable life,film cooling is needed in addition to internal cooling,especially for the first stage.Film cooling lowers material temperature by forced convection inside film-cooling holes and by forming a layer of coolant about component surfaces to insulate them from the hot gases.Unfortunately,each cooling jet forms a pair of counter-rotating vortices that entrains hot gas and causes the film-cooling jet to lift off from the surface that it is intended to protect.This paper gives an overview of efforts to enhance the effectiveness of film-cooling.This paper also describes two new design concepts.One design concept seeks to minimize the entrainment of hot gases underneath of film-cooling jets by using flow-aligned blockers.The other design concept shifts the interaction between the approaching hot gas and the cooling jet to occur further above the surface by using an upstream ramp.For both design concepts,computational fluid dynamics results are presented to examine their usefulness in enhancing film-cooling effectiveness.      

Thermal stability improvement of sprayable fast-responding pressure-sensitive paint for measurement above 100 °C

The thermal stability of sprayable fast-responding Pressure-Sensitive Paint (fast PSP) was investigated to explore the possibility for application in turbomachinery and hypersonic research with temperature above 100 °C. The first part of the study focused on a widely-used Polymer Ceramic PSP (PC-PSP). The effects of thermal degradation on its key sensing properties, including luminescent intensity, pressure sensitivity and response time, were examined for a temperature range from 60 to 100 °C. Severe degradation in intensity and pressure sensitivity was found as temperature reached 70 °C or higher, which would cause failure of PSP application in these conditions. Subsequently, a fast-responding Mesoporous-Particle PSP (MP-PSP) was developed which did not show degradation effects until 140 °C. The greatly improved thermal stability of MP-PSP was attributed to: selection of polymer with higher glass transition temperature (polystyrene) to delay the saturation effect of oxygen quenching as temperature increased; porous and hollow structure of particles for luminophore deposition that minimizes polymer–luminophore interaction. This new paint formulation has significantly raised the upper temperature limit of fast PSP and offers more opportunities for applications in harsh environment.