直流大电流原位检测

本文提出了一种直流大电流的测量方法。直流电信号首先经磁路转换成磁场信号然后经霍尔传感器的磁场信号转换电压信号后，输出到仪表放大器和单片机进行处理并显示出被测电流。     

Cowpeas and pinto beans: Performance and yields of candidate space crops in the laboratory biosphere closed ecological system

An experiment utilizing cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata L.), pinto beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and Apogee ultra-dwarf wheat (Triticum sativa L.) was conducted in the soil-based closed ecological facility, Laboratory Biosphere, from February to May 2005. The lighting regime was 13 h light/11 h dark at a light intensity of 960 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹, 45 mol m⁻² day⁻¹ supplied by high-pressure sodium lamps. The pinto beans and cowpeas were grown at two different planting densities. Pinto bean production was 341.5 g dry seed m⁻² (5.42 g m⁻² day⁻¹) and 579.5 dry seed m⁻² (9.20 g m⁻² day⁻¹) at planted densities of 32.5 plants m⁻² and 37.5 plants m⁻², respectively. Cowpea yielded 187.9 g dry seed m⁻² (2.21 g m⁻² day⁻¹) and 348.8 dry seed m⁻² (4.10 g m⁻² day⁻¹) at planted densities of 20.8 plants m⁻² and 27.7 plants m⁻², respectively. The crop was grown at elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, with levels ranging from 300–3000 ppm daily during the majority of the crop cycle. During early stages (first 10 days) of the crop, CO₂ was allowed to rise to 7860 ppm while soil respiration dominated, and then was brought down by plant photosynthesis. CO₂ was injected 27 times during days 29–71 to replenish CO₂ used by the crop during photosynthesis. Temperature regime was 24–28 °C day/deg 20–24 °C night. Pinto bean matured and was harvested 20 days earlier than is typical for this variety, while the cowpea, which had trouble establishing, took 25 days more for harvest than typical for this variety. Productivity and atmospheric dynamic results of these studies contribute toward the design of an envisioned ground-based test bed prototype Mars base.     

Delayed outburst of H 1743–322 in 2003 and relation with its other outbursts

The Galactic transient black hole candidate H 1743–322 exhibited a long duration outburst in 2003 after more than two and a half decades of inactivity. The 2003 event was extensively studied in multi-wavelength bands by many groups. The striking feature is that the total energy released is extremely high as compared to that in tens of outbursts which followed. In this paper, we look at this event and study both the spectral and temporal properties of the source using two component advective flow (TCAF) paradigm. We extract accretion flow parameters for each observation from spectral properties of the decay phase and determine the mass of the black hole. We computed the energy released during all the known outbursts since 2003 and showed that on an average, the energy release in an outburst is proportional to the duration of the quiescent state just prior to it, with the exception of the 2004 outburst. A constant rate of supply of matter from the companion cannot explain the energy release in 2004 outburst. However, if the energy release of 2003 is incomplete and the leftover is released in 2004, then the companion’s rate of matter supply can be constant since 1977 till date. We believe that erratic behaviour of viscosity at the accumulation radius $X_p$ of matter as well as location the $X_p$ itself, rather than the random variation of mass transfer rate from the companion, could be responsible for non-uniformity in outburst pattern. We discuss several factors on which the waiting time and duration of the next outburst could depend.     

内冷通道带肋和出流孔壁面的换热研究

采用热色液晶瞬态测量技术对带有肋和单排出流孔的内流通道进行了换热实验研究.实验在主流雷诺数Re为20000～80000和出流比Br为0.30～0.60情况下,测量了通道内全表面换热系数分布,重点分析了主流雷诺数和出流比对换热的影响.实验结果显示:①出流孔附近区域的换热得到强化;肋前的换热系数大于肋后的换热系数;②出流比和雷诺数的改变对全表面的换热分布规律影响不大;③在本实验的参数范围下,出流比的增加对全表面的换热系数和换热增强程度基本没什么影响;雷诺数的增加使得全表面的换热系数增大,换热增强程度减弱.      

应用红外热像技术实验研究层板结构冷却特性

在高温热风洞中,应用红外热像系统对三个具有真实燃气轮机尺度的层板结构进行了冷却特性实验研究.为了描述冲击、对流及导热的综合作用,采用数字图像信号运算技术,直接获得描述冷却前后层板高温表面二维温差分布.通过比较三种层板结构综合冷却效率,详细讨论了绕流柱数目及直径、气膜孔角度、主流雷诺数和努塞尔数对层板冷却效率的影响.      

某压气机轮盘均压孔挤压强化数值仿真和挤压头设计

采用静力学求解算法、应用弹塑性有限元分析程序对挤压强化过程进行了仿真计算,研究了摩擦因数、挤压次数、挤压量、约束方式、倒圆半径、以及配合方式等参数对残余应力场的影响.根据某压气机轮盘均压孔的具体结构形式,设计了三种挤压头:单侧挤压头、柱形头和T形头.用两种材料(不锈钢1Cr11Ni2W2MoV和镍基高温合金ЗП742)设计加工了带孔薄板模拟件,用其中两种强化方法对孔边进行了强化试验,试验结果表明:T形头挤压工艺达到了提高疲劳强度的预期效果,且操作方便实用.将试验结果和数值仿真结果进行了对比,分析表明用静力通用程序可以解决金属材料孔板挤压过程的仿真问题,能有效指导挤压强化研究.      

螺旋孔电解加工多物理场耦合机理研究

基于建立的三维多相流模型及间接耦合多物理模型(热电耦合和热流耦合),以螺旋孔电解加工为研究对象,对电解加工间隙中的电场、流场、温度场进行分析,掌握间隙参数变化规律,包括间隙电解液的流速与温度、间隙氢气气泡率分布、材料表面电流密度分布等。进而对影响材料去除的主要因素——电导率进行研究,确定了电导率在整个加工间隙内的变化规律及其对材料去除的影响,并提出了增加电解液出口背压以改善工件材料去除的一致性。最后,在搭建的实验平台上进行螺旋孔电解加工实验,验证了所提方法的正确性。     

小孔喷丸强化工艺试验研究

依托试验研究,对航空零件喷丸强化技术的应用范围做出了有限的扩大。试验过程中,采用了遮蔽试片的方法,解决了小于试片尺寸的小孔表面喷丸强化的测定难题,通过大量的工艺试验,获得了合理的工艺参数,为零构件小孔的喷丸强化提供了基础。该试验的成功使得零件加工过程中将小孔喷丸应用范围扩大至Ф14．2,进一步拓展了喷丸工艺应用范围,为以后产品加工中小孔喷丸强化工艺的选取打下了基础。     

双出口气膜孔冷却效率实验

为了进一步理解双出口气膜孔的冷却特性,建立了气膜冷却效率实验台,通过红外测温技术研究了圆孔和4个不同次孔方位角的双出口孔在吹风比为0.3~2.0时的冷却效率.结果表明:和圆孔相比,次孔方位角为30°,45°,60°双出口孔能提高面平均冷却效率18%~37%.次孔方位角为30°双出口孔在低吹风比下提高冷却效率最显著,次孔方位角为60°双出口孔在高吹风比下提高冷却效率最显著.在研究的吹风比范围内,次孔方位角为45°双出口孔都能较显著地提高冷却效率,次孔方位角为75°双出口孔冷却效率低于圆孔冷却效率.     

Improvement on shaped-hole film cooling effectiveness by integrating upstream sand-dune-shaped ramps

A numerical investigation and experimental validation is performed to address deeper insights into the combined effect of shaped holes and Sand-Dune-shaped upstream Ramp (SDR) on enhancing the film cooling effectiveness, under a wide blowing ratio range (M = 0.25–1.5). Three kinds of holes (Cylindrical Hole (CH), Fan-Shaped Hole (FSH), and Crater-Shaped Hole (CSH)) are taken into consideration. The SDR shows an inherent affecting mechanism on the mutual interaction of jet-in-crossflow. It aggravates the lateral spreading of cooling jet and thus improves the film cooling uniformity significantly, regardless of film-hole shape and blowing ratio. When the blowing ratio is beyond 1.0, the combined effect of shaped holes and SDR on improving film cooling effectiveness behaves more significantly. It is suggested that FSH-SDR is a most favorable film cooling scheme. For FSH-SDR case, the spatially-averaged film cooling effectiveness is increased monotonously with the increase of blowing ratio, among the present bowing ratio range.