难加工材料精密孔高效珩磨技术研究进展

珩磨技术凭借加工精度高、材料去除率大的优势,广泛应用于精密孔加工.航空发动机广泛采用高温合金、钛合金、不锈钢等航空难加工材料,其难加工性降低了珩磨加工的材料去除及误差修正能力,限制了珩磨工艺在航空发动机精密孔加工中的进一步应用.为突破难加工材料珩磨工艺瓶颈,对难加工材料珩磨工艺特性进行分析,并以高效精密珩磨工艺及工具为切入点,归纳了航空难加工材料精密孔高效珩磨技术现状,并对其发展趋势进行了预测.     

基于光纤复合测量技术的涡轮叶片气膜孔检测

为了解决航空发动机涡轮叶片气膜孔几何特征参数有效检测手段缺乏、测量结果一致性差的问题,设计并搭建了基于光纤复合测量技术的涡轮叶片气膜孔检测系统,提出了利用该系统对涡轮叶片气膜孔进行测量的方法,通过试验进行了方法验证。搭建的系统为多传感器测量系统,具备叶片接触与非接触测量、空间姿态定位及3D投影能力,实现了涡轮叶片全范围气模孔的测量。在试验中,选取高压涡轮叶片作为被测物体,应用该测量系统对叶片上的气膜孔进行了测量,计算得到了气膜孔直径、轴线角度及位置度的准确信息。结果表明：通过测量不确定度的分析评定可知,该系统对气膜孔直径、位置度的测量不确定度均小于0.01 mm,完全满足设计公差对测量仪器的精度要求,可以用于涡轮叶片气膜孔工程化测量。     

Orbital corrections by a single-input impulsive control applied along the geomagnetic field

This paper examines the possibility of regular orbital corrections for a satellite controlled by an impulsive force applied along the induction vector of the local geomagnetic field. The main purpose of the correcting considered in the paper is to eliminate the drift in secular variation of the relative orbital parameters over the orbital period. The obtained results are applied to the formation flying problem. The developed method is tested using numerical simulation.     

不锈钢弯管上用预制椭圆孔翻边成形圆孔

通过对液体火箭发动机所用不锈钢弯管上椭圆预制孔翻边成形圆孔的分析、计算及试验,确定了合理的椭圆孔长轴和短轴尺寸计算公式,给出了翻边力的计算公式．翻边凸模为球形。考虑到回弹的影响,实际长、短轴尺寸要比根据公式计算出的值小一些,球形凸模的直径要比翻边直径大一些。     

Polarization effects in radiation from compact X-ray sources

The theory of polarization effects in radiation from compact X-ray sources is presented. The following four problems are considered: 1) the polarization of X-rays from the magnetized neutron stars; 2) the polarization of X-rays from the accretion disk around a black hole; 3) the optical polarization from X-ray binaries, and 4) the results of X-ray polarimetric observations.     

层板椭圆孔自由边缘效应

 复合材料层板的直边和圆孔自由边缘效应的三维应力分析,国内外已有不少的数值解和近似解析解。Rybicki等提出了各向异性板椭圆孔2维问题变换为圆孔问题的方法,本文论证了这种变换方法的3维情形,从而可根据圆孔自由边缘效应结果来估计椭圆孔自由边缘效应。     

降低含多孔带板应力集中的有限元研究

在飞机和船体结构设计中,由于管路穿行、电缆布置等总体布局要求,在机翼梁的腹板上的指定位置开有多个孔,引发多个孔应力互相干扰。利用ANSYS有限元软件分别对圆孔间距、圆孔数和方形孔圆角半径对含孔带板应力集中系数的影响进行了分析,并与特定情况的试验值进行了对比,两者基本一致。研究结果表明:在孔数一定时,对于不同的孔间距,存在不同的最佳值,使应力集中系数得到最有利的缓和,且板宽对该最佳值的影响不大;对于方形孔, 当圆角半径为1/14方形孔边长时,对缓和应力集中系数最有利。文中并给出了特定情况下最有利于降低应力集中系数的孔的个数。     

工艺装备结构与孔系加工精度的工艺分析

根据公差项目的特征要求，对某产品零件孔系加工的生产实际进行了工艺分析，对造成零件孔系加工误差的各项因素进行了定性和定量分析，找出了造成误差的根本原因是工艺装备结构设计带来的系统误差过大和加工工艺方法的缺陷的影响。在此分析的基础上对工艺装备的设计进行了改进，并对加工工艺进行了相应的调整，达到了预期的加工目的。这种技术工作方法，对生产现场的工程技术人员来说是基本要求，也是解决机械制造工艺问题的有效途径。     

魔洞型单脉冲激波管

本文叙述了力学所激波管实验室建造的魔洞型单脉冲激波管的结构尺寸,气动特性及测量系统,使用证明这套单脉冲激波管装置是成功的。本文提出了关于魔洞作用机制的一个简单模型:对入射激波而言,魔洞的作用相当于低压室入口处有一膨胀段;对反射激波而言,魔洞的作用相当于一个有流动的分叉管。     

X-ray observations of black-hole accretion disks

Our current theoretical and observational understandings of the accretion disks around Galactic black-holes are reviewed. Historically, a simple phenomenological accretion disk model has been used to interpret X-ray observations. Although such a phenomenological interpretation is still useful, high quality X-ray data from contemporary instruments allow us to test more realistic accretion disk models. In a simple and ideal case, the standard optically thick accretion disk model is successful to explain observations, such that the inner disk radius is constant at three times the Schwarzschild radius over large luminosity variations. However, when disk luminosity is close to or exceeds the Eddington luminosity, the standard disk model breaks, and we have to consider the “slim disk” solution in which radial energy advection is dominant. Recent observations of Ultra-luminous X-ray sources (ULXs), which may not be explained by the standard disk model, strongly suggest the slim disk solution. We compare theoretical X-ray spectra from the slim disk with observed X-ray spectra of ULXs. We have found that the slim disk model is successful to explain ULX spectra, in terms of the massive stellar black-holes with several tens of solar mass and the super-Eddington mass accretion rates. In order to explain the large luminosities (>10⁴⁰ ergs s⁻¹) of ULXs, “intermediate black-holes” (>100M) are not required. Slim disks around massive stellar black-holes of up to several tens of solar mass would naturally explain the observed properties of ULXs.