全状态受限的高超声速飞行器的预定性能滤波反步控制

针对气动参数不确定和状态受限的高超声速飞行器的稳定跟踪控制问题，提出基于固定时间干扰观测器的预定性能滤波反步控制策略。首先，在反步控制的每一步中引入障碍Lyapunov函数，保证系统状态满足预先设定的约束要求。其次，设计固定时间干扰观测器对综合不确定进行估计；同时，构造新型的一阶滤波器避免传统反步控制的"计算爆炸"问题。再次，基于Lyapunov稳定性理论证明输出跟踪误差有界且状态满足约束要求。最后，通过对比仿真验证控制策略的有效性。     

Analytic estimation and numerical modeling of actively cooled thermal protection systems with nickel alloys

Actively cooled thermal protection system has great influence on the engine of a hypersonic vehicle, and it is significant to obtain the thermal and stress distribution in the system. So an analytic estimation and numerical modeling are performed in this paper to investigate the behavior of an actively cooled thermal protection system. The analytic estimation is based on the electric analogy method and finite element analysis（FEA） is applied to the numerical simulation. Temperature and stress distributions are obtained for the actively cooled channel walls with three kinds of nickel alloys with or with no thermal barrier coating（TBC）. The temperature of the channel wall with coating has no obvious difference from the one with no coating, but the stress with coating on the channel wall is much smaller than that with no coating. Inconel X-750 has the best characteristics among the three Ni-based materials due to its higher thermal conductivity, lower elasticity module and greater allowable stress. Analytic estimation and numerical modeling results are compared with each other and a reasonable agreement is obtained.     

介质阻挡放电等离子体气动激励的动量特性

从诱导气流速度和体积力两个方面开展了介质阻挡放电等离子体气动激励的动量特性研究,对不同激励参数下的诱导气流速度进行了测量与结果分析;通过对体积力的实验测量与理论计算,对比研究了体积力的变化规律与主要影响因素.结果表明:等离子体气动激励可以增大气流速度,但随着气流速度的增大,等离子体气动激励的加速效果减弱;激励电压或激励频率增大,体积力均表现为线性增加,但激励电压增大时可以更好的增大体积力;与增大电极内间距相比,增大下层电极宽度可以产生更大的体积力.      

基于热喷涂技术制备的热障涂层

着眼于热喷涂技术在热障涂层制备方面的研究现状,在分析热障涂层失效原因的基础上,介绍了等离子喷涂技术及冷喷涂技术和在热障涂层结合层和陶瓷层制备方面的研究进展。     

Experimental study of an anti-icing method over an airfoil based on pulsed dielectric barrier discharge plasma

Aircraft icing has long been a plague to aviation for its serious threat to flight safety. Even though lots of methods for anti-icing have been in use or studied for quite a long time, new methods are still in great demand for both civil and military aircraft. The current study in this paper uses widely used Dielectric Barrier Discharge(DBD) plasma actuation to anti-ice on a NACA0012 airfoil model with a chord length of 53.5 cm in a closed-circuit icing wind tunnel. An actuator was installed at the leading edge of the airfoil model, and actuated by a pulsed low-temperature plasma power source. The actuator has two types of layout, a striped electrode layout and a meshy electrode layout.The ice accretion process or anti-icing process was recorded by a CCD camera and an infrared camera. Instantaneous pictures and infrared contours show that both types of DBD plasma actuators have the ability for anti-ice under a freestream velocity of 90 m/s, a static temperature of -7℃,an Median Volume droplet Diameter(MVD) of 20 lm, and an Liquid Water Content(LWC) of 0.5 g/m~3. The detected variations of temperatures with time at specific locations reveal that the temperatures oscillate for some time after spraying at first, and then tend to be nearly constant values.This shows that the key point of the anti-icing mechanism with DBD plasma actuation is to achieve a thermal equilibrium on the model surface. Besides, the power consumption in the anti-icing process was estimated in this paper by Lissajous figures measured by an oscilloscope, and it is lower than those of existing anti-icing methods. The experimental results presented in this paper indicate that the DBD plasma anti-icing method is a promising technique in the future.     

某涡轮叶片热障涂层的寿命预测方法

基于NASA发展的CoatLife软件中推荐的应力 寿命建模方法,研究了某涡轮叶片热障涂层寿命预测方法。通过在寿命模型中引入氧化增质量,并考虑氧化动力学,实现了寿命模型与高温氧化效应的关联。由于寿命模型中的疲劳强度系数是时间和半径的函数,从而可以应用于实际结构中的不同几何形状,并考虑了时间相关的退化效应。计算结果表明,随着最高温度或疲劳强度系数的增加,涂层的循环寿命和时间寿命均会减少。通过对某涡轮叶片在设计温度场下的涂层寿命预测结果表明,循环时间为1h条件下叶片前缘1/2叶高处涂层剥落寿命大约336 h,与实际叶片涂层失效在300~400h之间吻合。      

Cr对ZrO2/Ni热障涂层界面结合的影响

热障涂层广泛用于航空、航天领域,涂层与基体的界面结合强弱是决定涂层寿命的一个关键因素.为了提高其使用寿命,必须要求涂层与基体的界面有较好的结合.利用密度泛函理论框架下的第一性原理离散变分(DV)方法研究了ZrO₂Ni热障涂层界面的能量学和电子结构,讨论了替位型掺杂的Cr在ZrO₂Ni热障涂层界面中的作用.结果表明:Cr容易偏聚于界面处(偏聚能达6.03eV),Cr使得体系结合能增加,体系更稳定,有利于界面的结合;界面处原子电荷占据数和电荷密度计算表明:加入Cr后跨界面方向的电荷密度增加,同时也使得界面内电荷密度增加,这有利于跨界面方向的以及沿界面方向的成键,从而加强了涂层与基体材料的结合.     

APS热障涂层氧化动力方程适用性实验

使用实验的方法研究了大气等离子喷涂(APS)热障涂层在4种不同高温环境下的氧化层生长规律, 并且使用目前常见的两种氧化层生长动力学曲线方程拟合了涂层氧化的实验数据, 分别得到了相应的方程特征参数值.研究结果表明:APS热障涂层在所研究的4种温度下的动力学曲线形式上是一致的;抛物线形式的动力学方程只能描述较高温度下的氧化层生长规律, 而幂函数形式的动力学方程对氧化温度的适应能力比较强, 能很好的描述在所研究的4种温度下APS热障涂层的生长规律.      

等离子体助燃对燃烧产物影响的实验

采用介质阻挡放电在燃烧实验段中产生等离子体,进行了等离子体助燃条件下丙烷/空气混合气燃烧过程影响因素及其规律的实验研究.测量了空气、丙烷/空气混合气介质阻挡放电的光谱特性,通过烟气分析仪测量燃烧产物成份,得到了燃烧产物中O₂,CO体积分数随时间的变化,研究了激励器放电电压、空气流量、丙烷流量对燃烧产物的影响.实验结果表明:等离子体助燃时,O₂和CO体积分数变化速率增大;稳定燃烧后O₂和CO体积分数小于常规燃烧的,燃烧效率提高;减小放电电压,增大空气、丙烷流量,等离子体助燃的效果减弱.      

等离子体抑制双柱绕流噪声实验研究

由于飞机起落架的很多结构可以简化为圆柱,可以通过研究等离子体抑制双柱绕流的噪声来研究等离子体抑制起落架气动噪声的可能性.实验在低速风洞中进行,来流速度分别为34、51、68和85 m/s,采用在上游圆柱体模型后半部的内外表面铺设四组等离子体激励器的方法,验证等离子体激励抑制双柱绕流气动噪声的效果.结果表明:应用等离子体主动流动控制技术,单频降噪量最大为6 dB,总声压级最大降低了3 dB,并对噪声峰值频率产生了影响,激励前的二阶频率约为390 Hz,激励后的二阶频率约为510 Hz.