Comparison of fragments created by low- and hyper-velocity impacts

This paper summarizes two new satellite impact experiments. The objective of the experiments was to investigate the outcome of low- and hyper-velocity impacts on two identical target satellites. The first experiment was performed at a low-velocity of 1.5 km/s using a 40-g aluminum alloy sphere. The second experiment was performed at a hyper-velocity of 4.4 km/s using a 4-g aluminum alloy sphere. The target satellites were 15 cm × 15 cm × 15 cm in size and 800 g in mass. The ratios of impact energy to target mass for the two experiments were approximately the same. The target satellites were completely fragmented in both experiments, although there were some differences in the characteristics of the fragments. The projectile of the low-velocity impact experiment was partially fragmented while the projectile of the hyper-velocity impact experiment was completely fragmented beyond recognition. To date, approximately 1500 fragments from each impact experiment have been collected for detailed analysis. Each piece has been weighed, measured, and analyzed based on the analytic method used in the NASA Standard Breakup Model (2000 revision). These fragments account for about 95% of the target mass for both impact experiments. Preliminary analysis results will be presented in this paper.     

基于落点预测的高旋火箭弹弹道修正算法

高旋火箭弹的修正控制是基于等效力实现的二维弹道修正控制，由于弹体存在陀螺进动和马格努斯效应，在控制力作用下产生的附加攻角引起的升力与控制力的矢量合为等效力，其大小与方向在控制过程中不断变化，不能简单根据偏差量（修正量）的比例关系来确定控制力的方向。基于此，分析了控制力与等效力的关系，提出了一种基于弹道落点预测的控制算法。首先利用弹道落点预测模型实时预测落点与目标的偏差量，然后利用小扰动法构造偏差量对控制量的敏感系数矩阵，通过偏差量与敏感系数矩阵解算出纵、横两个方向的需用控制量。采用修正前后速度矢量的位置关系得到控制量的合矢量及其方位角，并利用控制量的合矢量与等效力计算出控制周期，在控制周期内按照等效力方位角调整控制力的方向实现对高旋火箭弹的精确控制，解决了非线性耦合问题。仿真结果表明该算法具有较高的控制精度，为工程应用提供理论依据。     

摆锤式冲击试验机能量损失检测方法的比较与分析

摆锤式冲击试验机的能量损失包括：指针的摩擦（或接触式电子角位移传感器的摩擦）、空气阻力和摆轴轴承的摩擦所引起的能量损失；基础的冲击、机架和摆锤的振动所引起的能量损失。国内外还没有成熟的测量方法和测量仪器测定基础的冲击、机架和摆锤的振动所引起的能量损失，没有形成技术文件，目前摆锤式冲击试验机能量损失的检测主要针对前者。本文针对国内计量部门计量摆锤式冲击试验机所依据的常用标准和规程，比较能量损失的检测方法和计算公式，做出简要分析，指出某些计算公式值得商榷之处。     

STATIC AND FATIGUE BEHAVIOR OF IMPACTED AS4/PEEK THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITES UNDER COMPRESSION LOAD

Static and fatigue tests under compression load were made on impacted AS4/PEEK and T300/913C graphite/epoxy with ［45/90/-45/0］_5S stacking sequence. The comparison of the damage tolerance assessment for thermosetting and thermoplastic composites shows that thermoplastics are more damage tolerant under compression. Impacted thermoplastic composites have excellent compression-compression fatigue behavior. The damage growth life is only a few percent of their total fatigue life and no regular damage growth can be found. Some design principles for thermosetting composite structures may still be used.     

弹道导弹中段防御的拦截窗口分析

根据弹道导弹中段飞行近似为二体运动的特点，应用二体运动理论分析了弹道导弹中段防御的拦截窗口。假设最低拦截点由拦截弹末段寻的飞行正常工作的最低地面高度决定，最高拦截点由拦截弹投射能力决定，给出了根据当前时刻弹道导弹位置和速度求解拦截窗口的算法。对采用最小能量弹道飞行的弹道导弹，给出了根据射程求解拦截窗口的算法，并对不同射程的最小能量弹道，给出了求解拦截窗口的算例。     

复合材料机翼的动强度研究

1.复合材料机翼的动特性分析 复合材料机翼结构的动特性及动响应分析,是保证结构动强度的关键性研究课题之一。是检验机翼结构动态性能的基本分析,又是进行结构动响应分析的基础。所以,从打样设计开始直至定型设计,都要对机翼结构进行动特性分析。     

The History and Dynamics of Comet 9P/Tempel 1

Since its discovery in 1867, periodic comet 9P/Tempel 1 has been observed at 10 returns to perihelion, including all its returns since 1967. The observations for the seven apparitions beginning in 1967 have been fit with an orbit that includes only radial and transverse nongravitational accelerations that model the rocket-like thrusting introduced by the outgassing of the cometary nucleus. The successful nongravitational acceleration model did not assume any change in the comet’s ability to outgas from one apparition to the next and the outgassing was assumed to reach a maximum at perihelion. The success of this model over the 1967–2003 interval suggests that the comet’s spin axis is currently stable. Rough calculations suggest that the collision of the impactor released by the Deep Impact spacecraft will not provide a noticeable perturbation on the comet’s orbit nor will any new vent that is opened as a result of the impact provide a noticeable change in the comet’s nongravitational acceleration history. The observing geometries prior to, and during, the impact will allow extensive Earth based observations to complement the in situ observations from the impactor and flyby spacecraft.     

复合材料韧性评定的新方法关于损伤阻抗性能的研究

从复合材料结构设计的角度，指出了目前在韧性复合材料评定技术中存在的问题，特别是指出了用冲击后压缩强度值作为判别复合材料韧性的缺点，提出了应采用损伤阻抗和损伤容限共同评定复合材料韧性的观点。对7种不同韧性的复合材料进行了冲击与静压痕等试验，在对试验数据分析的基础上，确定了对损伤阻抗最敏感的损伤参数，提出了描述损伤阻抗的物理量和测试方法。     

QY8911双马来酰亚胺树脂韧性评定

 QY8911按高韧性兼顾抗湿热、良好工艺性为配方设计的基础。采用包括冲击后压缩等8种试验项目评定韧性,结果表明QY8911具有良好韧性,是先进复合材料基体树脂的良好候选者。     

用影响因子评估弹射座椅多模态控制输入参数

为提供弹射座椅多模态控制输入参数选择的理论依据,通过计算机仿真,比较分析了俯仰角、滚转角、滚转角速度、下沉率、迎角、侧滑角等弹射启动时飞机状态参数对弹射轨迹(垂直方向)和安全救生高度的影响。参考评估期刊的影响因子,提出了安全高度影响因子法,并计算出在同等弹射条件下(速度和高度)各参数的平均影响因子,得出各参数对救生高度的影响程度及变化规律,确定了俯仰角、滚转角和下沉率是影响救生高度的三个主要参数。