一种航空发动机陆运减震装置的研制

充分调研了国内外各型航空发动机陆运情况,在不改变现有航空发动机包装箱结构和运输车辆类型的前提下,研制了一种安放于包装箱和运输车辆之间的陆运减震装置,有效地避免了航空发动机在陆运过程中由于震动所导致的一系列装机故障。     

Built-up land mapping capabilities of the ASTER and Landsat ETM+ sensors in coastal areas of southeastern China

Worldwide urbanization has accelerated expansion of urban built-up lands and resulted in substantial negative impacts on the global environments. Precisely measuring the urban sprawl is becoming an increasing need. Among the satellite-based earth observation systems, the Landsat and ASTER data are most suitable for mesoscale measurements of urban changes. Nevertheless, to date the difference in the capability of mapping built-up land between the two sensors is not clear. Therefore, this study compared the performances of the Landsat-7 ETM+ and ASTER sensors for built-up land mapping in the coastal areas of southeastern China. The comparison was implemented on three date-coincident image pairs and achieved by using three approaches, including per-band-based, index-based, and classification-based comparisons. The index used is the Index-based Built-up Index (IBI), while the classification algorithm employed is the Support Vector Machine (SVM). Results show that in the study areas, ETM+ and ASTER have an overall similar performance in built-up land mapping but also differ in several aspects. The IBI values determined from ASTER were consistently higher than from ETM+ by up to 45.54% according to percentage difference. The ASTER also estimates more built-up land area than ETM+ by 5.9–6.3% estimated with the IBI-based approach or 3.9–6.1% with the SVM classification. The differences in the spectral response functions and spatial resolution between relative spectral bands of the two sensors are attributed to these different performances.     

直升机旋翼自转着陆的安全性研究

旋翼自转是直升机一种特殊的飞行情况,在此情况下,旋翼失去发动机动力,只能利用其原有的旋转动能和直升机的势能保持稳定旋转。因此发动机停车后如何保证直升机自转着陆的安全性变得尤为重要,本文从理论上分析影响自转着陆安全性的几个因素,并就加强海军航空兵旋翼自转飞行训练的问题提出一些建议。     

合理规划利用土地 保护农村新发展——新民居建设中土地整理利用现状调查分析

土地整理和利用是新民居建设中的重要工作点,对新民居建设以及社会主义新农村建设的深入推进具有重要影响。本研究通过对河北省廊坊市新民居建设中土地整理利用工作开展调查,分析当前现状及存在问题,探讨如何合理规划利用土地,切实推进新民居建设。     

Selection of classification techniques for land use/land cover change investigation

The concerns over land use/land cover (LULC) change have emerged on the global stage due to the realisation that changes occurring on the land surface also influence climate, ecosystem and its services. As a result, the importance of accurate mapping of LULC and its changes over time is on the increase. Landsat satellite is a major data source for regional to global LULC analysis. The main objective of this study focuses on the comparison of three classification tools for Landsat images, which are maximum likelihood classification (MLC), support vector machine and artificial neural network (ANN), in order to select the best method among them. The classifiers algorithms are well optimized for the gamma, penalty, degree of polynomial in case of SVM, while for ANN minimum output activation threshold and RMSE are taken into account. The overall analysis shows that the ANN is superior to the kernel based SVM (linear, radial based, sigmoid and polynomial) and MLC. The best tool (ANN) is then applied on detecting the LULC change over part of Walnut Creek, Iowa. The change analysis of the multi temporal images indicates an increase in urban areas and a major shift in the agricultural practices.     

基于伪光谱方法月球软着陆轨道快速优化设计

根据软着陆轨道的特征和优化算法的特点,对探月器软着陆轨道状态方程进行合理的转化处理,使其更适合优化数值解法求解。在此基础上,使用伪光谱方法将软着陆轨道优化问题转为一个约束参数优化问题,然后采用乘子法处理约束条件,采用变尺度法求解处理后的参数优化问题,仿真结果表明此方法具有收敛速度快、对初始控制量不敏感、鲁棒性强的优点。     

共轴双旋翼及孤立旋翼自转气动特性试验研究

为了研究旋翼自转状态下的气动特性,开展了孤立旋翼及共轴双旋翼自转气动特性试验研究。该试验设计了上/下旋翼具有不同安装形式的试验装置,可测得上、下旋翼及孤立旋翼的转速及其产生的气动力和力矩。通过风洞试验研究了共轴双旋翼以及孤立旋翼在自转状态下的气动特性,明确了旋翼转速及升力与影响参数之间的变化关系,对比分析了双旋翼上/下旋翼的相互干扰强度以及三片桨叶和两片桨叶的孤立自转旋翼气动特性,阐述了桨叶片数对旋翼稳定自转特性的影响,提出了提高直升机自转下降安全性的方法。     

江苏海涂围垦最优决策

根据江苏省海涂资源的特点及开发利用现状，从全局和长远经济效益现值最大的观点出发，对各片海涂的上地利用作了优化和最优开发决策，从而进一步对多片海涂匡围进度进行最优决策。解决了海涂开发与匡围过程中的最优投资分配问题，建立了解决这一问题的通用数学模型。该模型将复杂的决策优化过程化为线性规划与０～１规划相结合的层次体系，通过协调求解。方法简便、实用。     

车载惯性稳瞄/寻北组合系统研究

研究了适用于坦克等陆用战车上的一种全新的惯性自寻北/稳瞄组合系统.该系统对战车上的稳瞄平台增加一些惯性器件以及相应控制回路,使其同时具有了寻北功能.本方案采用双位置寻北计算法,经过两次对准,解算出方位角,且对方位及水平两轴同时进行陀螺漂移的解算及补偿,从而进一步提高了寻北精度.本系统可以在车载条件下,停车完成自动寻北,寻北时间小于5.5min;本系统还具有在机动时进行方位保持、实时提供载体倾斜角和俯仰角等功能.     

直升机尾桨完全失效后自转着陆轨迹优化

为了研究直升机尾桨完全失效后自转着陆的最优轨迹和操纵过程,建立相应的飞行动力学模型并采用最优控制方法进行计算分析。建立直升机6自由度刚体飞行动力学模型,在模型中加入可以描述尾桨完全失效和自转着陆阶段发动机出轴功率以及旋翼转速变化的相关方程,并将直升机尾桨完全失效后的自转着陆问题转换为非线性最优控制问题进行求解。以某型号单旋翼带尾桨直升机为样机,计算空中停车自转着陆过程,并与飞行试验数据进行对比,验证了所建模型和最优控制方法的准确性。计算分析该型号直升机在以巡航速度下前飞时,尾桨完全失效后自转着陆的最优轨迹和操纵过程。从结果可以看出:尾桨完全失效时,直升机在旋翼反扭矩的作用下会产生较大的偏航角速度和侧滑角变化,进而产生复杂的耦合运动,驾驶员在关闭发动机进行自转着陆操作的同时,还需要通过操纵横向周期变距稳定滚转角,并以侧滑的方式来稳定横航向的姿态角,最后安全着陆。计算得到的最优轨迹和操纵过程,与工程试飞得出的定性的结论和建议相符。