Aiming at a 1-cm Orbit for Low Earth Orbiters: Reduced-Dynamic and Kinematic Precise Orbit Determination

The computation of high-accuracy orbits is a prerequisite for the success of Low Earth Orbiter (LEO) missions such as CHAMP, GRACE and GOCE. The mission objectives of these satellites cannot be reached without computing orbits with an accuracy at the few cm level. Such a level of accuracy might be achieved with the techniques of reduced-dynamic and kinematic precise orbit determination (POD) assuming continuous Satellite-to-Satellite Tracking (SST) by the Global Positioning System (GPS). Both techniques have reached a high level of maturity and have been successfully applied to missions in the past, for example to TOPEX/POSEIDON (T/P), leading to (sub-)decimeter orbit accuracy. New LEO gravity missions are (to be) equipped with advanced GPS receivers promising to provide very high quality SST observations thereby opening the possibility for computing cm-level accuracy orbits. The computation of orbits at this accuracy level does not only require high-quality GPS receivers, but also advanced and demanding observation preprocessing and correction algorithms. Moreover, sophisticated parameter estimation schemes need to be adapted and extended to allow the computation of such orbits. Finally, reliable methods need to be employed for assessing the orbit quality and providing feedback to the different processing steps in the orbit computation process. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

废气排放塔尾流区随机游动扩散模拟研究

本文对一种建筑结构与形式特异的废气排放源－过江隧道风井塔，进行了如下研究：（１）在环境风洞中通过风井塔后流场的测量，分析给出塔后尾流特征，并进行示踪气体扩散模拟试验和烟云照相；（２）在上述工作基础上，建立一个先进的随机游动扩散模式，模拟尾流区污染物扩散的基本规律，模式计算结果与实验结果吻合较好。建筑物的存在使得地面最大浓度增大３￣４倍，且出现位置离源更近。研究表明，随机游动方法研究对有明显湍流不均     

嵌入式大气数据传感系统研究进展

大气数据的精确测量对飞行器的导航与控制至关重要。相较于传统的探针式大气数据测量系统,嵌入式大气数据传感系统更适用于隐身性能要求、大迎角飞行要求的飞行器或高超声速飞行器。回顾了嵌入式大气数据传感系统的发展历程,介绍了该系统完整的组成部分及其工作原理,并指出该系统在应用时的四项关键技术(测压孔布局、气动模型及求解算法、校正算法、故障检测及管理技术),结合国外多种飞行器上该系统不同的应用方案,分别对比分析四项关键技术不同应用方式的优缺点;指出了该系统的四项关键技术均会影响系统精度及可靠性,实际应用中需综合考虑选择其应用方式;最后展望了该系统在未来航空航天领域的应用。     

基于惯性定位定向的高铁轨检仪研究

根据高铁轨道静态检测的测量需求,设计了一种利用定位定向技术的0级轨检仪,详细阐述了其构成和工作原理,介绍了其特点。通过对比性分析论证,优选了一种测量精度高、操作方法简单且可大幅度提高测量效率的设计方案。理论仿真表明,本系统测量精度能够达到优于13mm/km水平。根据理论仿真结果搭建了原理简易验证设备,结合高铁测控网的测量基准,在一段高铁的弯道铁轨上进行了验证测试。从测试结果看,样机测量精度的重复性可以到达1mm/500m（1σ）的水平,10次测量效率优于500m/2h,表明采用定位定向技术的0级轨检仪具备实际工程化的潜力,以及提高测量效率和精度的能力。     

基于虚拟测量技术的模块化测量系统研制

机械产品的尺寸公差和形位公差是重要的质量检测指标,合格与否将直接影响产品功能。根据筒类工件的结构特点,搭建了基于虚拟测量技术的模块化测量系统,系统基于LabVIEW仪器平台开发主控制程序搭建外围硬件,解决了测量定位、传感器的选型、系统集成、测量程序开发等关键技术,实现了对尺寸公差与形位公差的同机检测。实验结果表明,系统检测精度达到99.80%,测量误差低于0.043mm,检测效率提高近3倍。     

燃料组分差异对贫油熄火边界的影响

为了推进替代燃料的多元化,扩大航空燃料的组分分布。以标准航空煤油为基准,研究了柴油和高沸点费托油对燃烧室贫油熄火边界的影响。实验采用单头部燃烧室,通过改变燃烧室进出口压力,研究其熄火边界的变化规律,并分析了其与理化性质和组成的关联关系。结果显示在220kPa的出口压力下,航空煤油的熄火性能略优于另外两种燃油,高沸点费托油相比航空煤油熄火边界窄5%,而在140kPa的低压条件下,高沸点费托油的熄火边界相比航空煤油拓宽了8%。分析得到整体上低沸点烷烃和直链烷烃的熄火性能较好。      

电机生产企业绿色工厂评价内容、指标及方法的研究

为积极响应《中国制造2025》以及《工业和信息化部办公厅关于开展绿色制造体系建设的通知》,针对我国目前在电机生产行业相关绿色工厂评价要求缺失的现状,结合我国电机生产企业的物料使用特点、生产工艺特点、生产装备特点、产品特点、能源利用特点、主要污染物排放特点等6个方面,对电机生产企业绿色工厂评价内容、指标及方法进行研究。该研究为我国电机生产行业全面推行绿色制造,加快电机生产行业绿色改造升级,构建电机生产行业绿色制造体系,提高我国电机生产行业的国际竞争力作出积极贡献。     

基于云平台的电机设备远程运维系统设计

针对电机设备远程运维需求,在分析电机设备远程运维优势的基础上,设计了基于云平台的电机设备远程运维系统。对远程运维系统的架构和主要功能进行了详细阐述。电机设备远程运维系统可降低设备售后成本、提高售后服务质量,进而改进设备质量;同时也可降低用户停机、维修时间,极大地提高用户生产效率。     

基于位姿可达空间的太空机械臂容错路径规划

为了使太空机械臂在关节锁定故障后仍能继续完成后续任务,提出一种基于位姿可达空间的太空机械臂容错路径规划方法。基于牛顿-拉夫逊法计算太空机械臂关节人为限位,完成满足任务需求的退化工作空间求解,通过构造姿态可达度指标,在退化工作空间的基础上建立故障机械臂基坐标系下的位姿可达空间。通过在代价函数中增加最小奇异值代价项改进传统A^*算法,基于改进A^*算法在所建立的位姿可达空间内完成太空机械臂容错路径规划。所提方法综合了位姿可达空间与改进A^*算法各自的优势,实现了关节锁定故障太空机械臂同时满足避奇异与位姿可达要求的轨迹搜索。通过建立7自由度太空机械臂运动学模型开展数值仿真研究,仿真结果验证了所提容错路径规划方法的有效性。     

Reliable flight performance assessment of multirotor based on interacting multiple model particle filter and health degree

Multirotor has been applied to many military and civilian mission scenarios. From the perspective of reliability, it is difficult to ensure that multirotors do not generate hardware and software failures or performance anomalies during the flight process. These failures and anomalies may result in mission interruptions, crashes, and even threats to the lives and property of human beings. Thus, the study of flight reliability problems of multirotors is conductive to the development of the drone industry and has theoretical significance and engineering value. This paper proposes a reliable flight performance assessment method of multirotors based on an Interacting Multiple Model Particle Filter (IMMPF) algorithm and health degree as the performance indicator. First, the multirotor is modeled by the Stochastic Hybrid System (SHS) model, and the problem of reliable flight performance assessment is formulated. In order to solve the problem, the IMMPF algorithm is presented to estimate the real-time probability distribution of hybrid state of the established SHS-based multirotor model, since it can decrease estimation errors compared with the standard interacting multiple model algorithm based on extended Kalman filter. Then, the reliable flight performance is assessed with health degree based on the estimation result. Finally, a case study of a multirotor suffering from sensor anomalies is presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.