某型飞机着舰拦阻动力学仿真与分析

构建了航空母舰甲板、拦阻系统和舰载机全机动力学分析模型。采用冲击碰撞分析软件Pam—Crash和ADAMS对舰栽机着舰拦阻整个过程进行动力学仿真。对比分析了两种仿真计算方法的主要参数结果,并对不同着舰姿态角下舰载机起落架轴向过载结果进行了详细的分析,从强度设计角度考虑,得到了具有重要参考价值的结论。分析认为,4°姿态角为起落架受载最小工况,姿态角大于8°将会对前起落架产生破坏性载荷。     

舰载机着舰下滑过程中的PIO趋势评估与防范

为了研究舰载机着舰安全性,首次提出了舰载机的驾驶员诱发震荡（PIO）问题,结合对陆基飞机飞行员诱发振荡的研究成果,分析了舰载机与陆基飞机在该问题上的异同点,构造了速率限制器前置滤波器来改进控制回路中的舵机速率保护结构,重点对舰载机着舰下滑过程可能发生PIO情况进行了仿真分析,并利用史密斯准则评估了过程的振荡趋势,说明了下滑过程发生PIO对着舰安全的影响,同时验证了所提出的防范方法的有效性。     

基于月球车轮地作用地面力学积分模型的月壤力学参数辨识方法

月壤力学特性参数的研究可以使人们了解更多的星球地质学信息,也是进行月球探测车等设备开发以及未来从事人类月球活动的工程基础.利用月球车轮地作用测试平台和模拟月壤对6种不同尺寸和轮刺的车轮进行试验,利用传统压板试验和剪切试验测量土壤力学参数.针对月球车轮地作用地面力学积分模型进行耦合度和参数敏感度分析,进而将8个力学参数分...     

总能量控制在RLV自动着陆中的应用

为了解除重复使用运载器(RLV)自动着陆段飞行速度和航迹之间的非线性耦合,设计了基于总能量原理的纵向飞行控制律。该原理的核心思想是通过RLV的阻力板改变阻力来控制总能量,用升降舵调节总能量的分配,通过协调阻力板和升降舵指令,达到合理调节和分配能量的目的,确保控制系统具有良好的非线性解耦控制能力和较强的鲁棒性。仿真结果表明,基于总能量的飞行控制系统,实现了RLV自动着陆段高度和速度的解耦控制,满足不确定条件下RLV自动着陆的要求。     

A Hazard Analysis-based Approach to Improve the Landing Safety of a BWB Remotely Piloted Vehicle

The BUAA-BWB remotely piloted vehicle (RPV) designed by our research team encountered an unexpected landing safety problem in flight tests. It has obviously affected further research project for blended-wing-body (BWB) aircraft configuration characteristics. Searching for a safety improvement is an urgent requirement in the development work of the RPV. In view of the vehicle characteristics, a new systemic method called system-theoretic process analysis (STPA) has been tentatively applied to the hazardous factor analysis of the RPV flight test. An uncontrolled system behavior "path sagging phenomenon" is identified by implementing a three degrees of freedom simulation based on wind tunnel test data and establishing landing safety system dynamics archetype. To obtain higher safety design effectiveness and considering safety design precedence, a longitudinal "belly-flap" control surface is innovatively introduced and designed to eliminate hazards in landing. Finally, flight tests show that the unsafe factor has been correctly identified and the landing safety has been efficiently improved.     

滑转条件下月球车轮沉陷模型研究

 月球车在月面行驶时,为保证月球车的通过性能,应尽量避免沉陷。然而传统车辆沉陷量数学模型不适用于动态滑转条件下的月球车,为此对月球车行驶时车轮沉陷量的计算模型进行了研究。基于车辆地面力学理论,从模拟月壤力学参数和滑转率两个方面,在适合于刚性轮静态沉陷计算模型基础上建立了适用于滑转条件下月球车轮的沉陷计算模型。通过轮壤土槽试验,将试验测得的月球车轮沉陷量与模型计算得到的沉陷量进行比较,验证了修正模型的正确性。所研究的模型能够为滑转条件下月球车沉陷量的预测提供理论技术基础。     

直升机腿式起落架机构动力学研究

多用途、智能化和强地形适应性是未来直升机发展的重要趋势。起落架是保障直升机起降安全的关键部件,由于传统起落架地形适应能力较差,针对直升机在复杂地形环境下如何实现平稳着陆的难题,利用仿生学设计理念设计一种腿式起落架系统。首先从腿式起落架设计需求出发,对起落架构型进行分析并完成腿部结构设计;然后基于设计的腿部机构,完成其运动学分析和动力学分析,建立相应模型,以此作为腿式起落架运动控制的基础。最后在实验室完成腿式起落架的运动测试,证明了结构设计的合理性和控制算法的准确性。     

行星软着陆GPS有模型强化学习制导方法

由于距离地球较远、测控延时误差较大、飞行环境十分复杂且难以提前预测，行星软着陆的自主制导技术目前存在水平位置估计困难、导航参考信息匮乏、复杂地形着陆困难等挑战。针对行星软着陆存在的困难和挑战，提出了基于引导策略搜索算法的有模型强化学习制导方法，实现了着陆器在初始状态受到扰动时，无需重新规划，仍能在满足约束条件的情况下降落在指定位置。该方法将迭代线性二次调节器作为控制器，产生初始轨迹；其次，使用多层神经网络拟合制导策略；最后，利用控制器监督策略学习，进而收敛产生可行策略。针对行星表面软着陆的仿真验证结果显示该算法仅通过几次循环，即可以实现初始状态变化的快速软着陆。一方面表明了基于有模型强化学习的数据高效利用率，另一方面也证明了强化学习方法在深空探测领域中具有广阔的应用前景。     

Mars entry guidance using a semi-analytical method

Future Mars missions may require improved landed accuracy to facilitate the landing site selection and finally access a region of complex terrain with high scientific return. This paper is to develop a novel, robust, and precision entry guidance algorithm for Mars entry vehicles with low lift-to-drag ratios. In the presence of large uncertainties, the entry terminal point controller algorithm can encounter severe performance degradation due to: (1) the small perturbation assumption, and (2) theoretically ignoring deviations in the atmospheric-density model, aerodynamic-force model, etc. Based on numerical technologies and the classical variation method (VM), this work develops a semi-analytical (SA) algorithm, in which combined effects of several dynamic uncertainties now can be addressed. The terminal-downrange error is predicted by a numerical predictor such that the dependence on the reference trajectory can be reduced and then the issue caused by the small perturbation assumption can be addressed. Such a predicted terminal-downrange error is finally corrected by an analytical corrector, which is designed by the VM. It is indicative that there can be no numerical iterations in the SA algorithm. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the SA algorithm.     

Fuel-optimal and Energy-optimal guidance schemes for lunar soft landing at a desired location

Two guidance schemes (i) fuel-optimal (ii) energy-optimal to realize soft landing at a desired location on the moon are developed using the optimal control laws. The optimal control laws are obtained by solving a two-point boundary value problem formulated based on Pontryagin’s principle. The guidance laws, adapted from the optimal control laws, are obtained as a function of unknown co-state variables. Differential Transformation (DT) technique is employed to determine the unknown co-states at each time instant of landing trajectory using the information on the current vehicle state, target landing site (loaded on-board apriori) and the time-to-go. The numerical integration of co-state dynamics is avoided due to the DT based approach. The time-to-go, a critical parameter for any guidance scheme, is computed and updated real time using a simple strategy which uses the current and end states. The simple strategy for time-to-go works well even when the shape of the trajectory is nonlinear. Extensive analysis is carried out to evaluate and compare the proposed guidance schemes. Further, the proposed schemes are compared with other popular guidance schemes. The DT based proposed schemes help quantify the landing masses for fuel-optimal and energy-optimal objectives. Other features of the proposed schemes are that they do not assume constant gravity field and independent of reference trajectory.