前起落架突伸对舰载飞机弹射起飞航迹的影响

本文研究了舰载飞机的前起落架突伸对弹射起飞航迹的影响．在动力学模型中，把起落架看作是由油气减震器和充气轮胎组成的减震装置．在弹身器末端，前起落架在压缩空气的推动下开始突伸，以增加飞机的离舰迎角。本文计算了两种突伸方式，并比较了它们的结果，这两种方式均能减小离地后的航迹下沉量，并能很好改善弹射起飞性能．     

YZL16操纵减摆器仿真研究

ＹＺＬ１６是Ｋ８飞机化操纵减摆器,其操纵和减摆阻尼的液路相互耦合,给设计带来了新的课题。文中采用数字仿真方法研究了ＹＺＬ１６静态阻尼与操纵状态两种工况下的工作特点。仿真中考虑了油液的压缩性,采用阻尼长孔的流量系数计算公式（流量系数是随压差或流量变化的）取代常用的薄壁小孔的固定流量系数。仿真结果与试验结果吻合良好。文中还介绍了阻尼孔直径、阻尼阀的泄漏、控制阀流量特性、油液含气量等各种因素对静态阻尼与     

无人机自动着陆的导引与控制(英文)

针对无人机自动着陆的需求 ,以某型无人机为对象 ,设计并实现了一种基于机载数字式飞行控制系统和地面无线电跟踪器的自动着陆制导与控制方案。该型无人机的实时仿真和飞行测试结果表明 ,方案设计合理 ,易于实施 ,完全满足无人机自动着陆的要求。     

行星软着陆GPS有模型强化学习制导方法

由于距离地球较远、测控延时误差较大、飞行环境十分复杂且难以提前预测，行星软着陆的自主制导技术目前存在水平位置估计困难、导航参考信息匮乏、复杂地形着陆困难等挑战。针对行星软着陆存在的困难和挑战，提出了基于引导策略搜索算法的有模型强化学习制导方法，实现了着陆器在初始状态受到扰动时，无需重新规划，仍能在满足约束条件的情况下降落在指定位置。该方法将迭代线性二次调节器作为控制器，产生初始轨迹；其次，使用多层神经网络拟合制导策略；最后，利用控制器监督策略学习，进而收敛产生可行策略。针对行星表面软着陆的仿真验证结果显示该算法仅通过几次循环，即可以实现初始状态变化的快速软着陆。一方面表明了基于有模型强化学习的数据高效利用率，另一方面也证明了强化学习方法在深空探测领域中具有广阔的应用前景。     

Mars entry guidance using a semi-analytical method

Future Mars missions may require improved landed accuracy to facilitate the landing site selection and finally access a region of complex terrain with high scientific return. This paper is to develop a novel, robust, and precision entry guidance algorithm for Mars entry vehicles with low lift-to-drag ratios. In the presence of large uncertainties, the entry terminal point controller algorithm can encounter severe performance degradation due to: (1) the small perturbation assumption, and (2) theoretically ignoring deviations in the atmospheric-density model, aerodynamic-force model, etc. Based on numerical technologies and the classical variation method (VM), this work develops a semi-analytical (SA) algorithm, in which combined effects of several dynamic uncertainties now can be addressed. The terminal-downrange error is predicted by a numerical predictor such that the dependence on the reference trajectory can be reduced and then the issue caused by the small perturbation assumption can be addressed. Such a predicted terminal-downrange error is finally corrected by an analytical corrector, which is designed by the VM. It is indicative that there can be no numerical iterations in the SA algorithm. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the SA algorithm.     

Fuel-optimal and Energy-optimal guidance schemes for lunar soft landing at a desired location

Two guidance schemes (i) fuel-optimal (ii) energy-optimal to realize soft landing at a desired location on the moon are developed using the optimal control laws. The optimal control laws are obtained by solving a two-point boundary value problem formulated based on Pontryagin’s principle. The guidance laws, adapted from the optimal control laws, are obtained as a function of unknown co-state variables. Differential Transformation (DT) technique is employed to determine the unknown co-states at each time instant of landing trajectory using the information on the current vehicle state, target landing site (loaded on-board apriori) and the time-to-go. The numerical integration of co-state dynamics is avoided due to the DT based approach. The time-to-go, a critical parameter for any guidance scheme, is computed and updated real time using a simple strategy which uses the current and end states. The simple strategy for time-to-go works well even when the shape of the trajectory is nonlinear. Extensive analysis is carried out to evaluate and compare the proposed guidance schemes. Further, the proposed schemes are compared with other popular guidance schemes. The DT based proposed schemes help quantify the landing masses for fuel-optimal and energy-optimal objectives. Other features of the proposed schemes are that they do not assume constant gravity field and independent of reference trajectory.     

自动着舰的控制构型研究

在参考美军自动着舰系统(ACLS)的基础上,研究工程上最合适的ACLS控制构型。首先,分析了垂直速度指令和俯仰角指令在轨迹控制本质上的不同点和相同点;然后,将上述两种指令控制结构与两种动力补偿系统(速度保持APCS和迎角保持APCS)一对一组合成4种控制构型,仿真比较了这4种构型在指令响应、风扰抑制上的性能差异,分析了其物理原因。结果表明,H·指令加迎角保持APCS的控制构型对飞机纵向控制更有利,特别是对轨迹、高度要求严格的着舰任务。这与美军的实际试飞结论相同。     

国外单组元变推力发动机应用与关键技术

介绍了国外单组元变推力发动机的应用现状,阐释了单组元变推力发动机的结构和设计原理,总结了研制和改进过程中的关键技术,主要包括径向双层夹套催化床设计、径向喷注器设计、流量稳定调节技术和催化床空穴控制技术等。美国为火星软着陆研制的MR-80和MR-80B无水肼单组元变推力发动机分别应用于“海盗”号和“好奇”号着陆器下降级推进系统。MR-80发动机可实现275~2835 N变推力调节,推力变比为10∶1,比冲为205 s,呈120°均布于“海盗”号着陆器三角形基座的长边。“好奇”号下降级推进系统由2个高压氦气瓶、3个推进剂贮箱、8台单组元变推力发动机、8台单组元250 N姿控发动机、1个压力控制组件和3个推进剂控制组件组成,MR-80B发动机可产生31~3603 N的真空推力,推力变比达到100∶1,比冲范围为204~223 s。     

舰船机库大门对直升机起降特性影响研究

根据舰艉起降甲板的空气流场,结合直升机飞行动力学模型,计算了舰船机库门开启和关闭时的直升机舰面起降特性,并分析了舰船机库门开启和关闭对直升机起降特性的影响。计算结果表明,机库门开关状态仅对直升机总距操纵有一定的影响,而对其他操纵量和机身姿态影响甚小。提供的研究方法和所得结论为舰载直升机舰面起降提供了理论依据,有重要的实际意义。     

硬着陆判断标准浅析

硬着陆的判断标准在业内一直以来都存在争议，本文结合实际疑似硬着陆事件，从飞机维修角度对飞机制造厂家以及报文规范制定厂家的标准进行分析，提出相对合理的维修建议。