转子扭转振动测量的新方法

创立了一种测量转子扭转振动的新方法。该方法通过设计专门测扭装置直接提取和分析由转子扭振转化的动应变信号从而获知转子扭振特征,并利用电阻应变计的空间对称结构,实现了信号的加强、补偿以及多通道冗余功能。实测结果表明,该方法具有准确性好、灵敏度高、安装简易、操作方便的特点,是一种具有广泛发展前景的转子扭振测量新技术。     

新型活动密封件的研究与应用

根据飞机液压系统橡胶密封圈使用中易出现老化,引起串油、串气等故障问题,结合某机型试验提出新材料密封圈改进方案,以满足系统的高温及动密封性使用要求。试验结果表明,新材料密封圈适合高温、动密封部位的使用,可以替代丁腈试5171橡胶密封圈,应用于液压系统,提高系统性能。     

接地体的冲击电阻的分析与计算

在分析雷电电磁脉冲、核电磁脉冲等电磁脉冲(EMP)对地面电子设备可能造成的损害,以及电磁脉冲感应电流在接地体中的散流特性的基础上,给出了简单接地体的冲击接地作用的度量参数和冲击接地电阻的计算方法,并举例求得一个接地体的冲击接地电阻,为实际工程提供理论依据。     

防护涂层对Ni3Al基合金IC6AE微观组织和抗腐蚀性能的影响

采用料浆法和粉末包埋渗法在Ni3Al基等轴晶合金IC6AE上分别制备了Al-Si和NiCr-CrAl涂层,并对Al-Si和NiCr-CrAl涂层及不加涂层的IC6AE合金三种试样进行900℃/20h,40h,60h,80h,100h的涂盐(5wt%NaCl 95wt%Na2SO4)抗腐蚀性能试验.试验结果表明,与Al-Si涂层试样和无涂层IC6AE合金试样相比,NiCr-CrAl涂层试样表现出最好的抗热腐蚀性能;与无涂层的IC6AE合金试样相比,Al-Si涂层试样的抗腐蚀性没有明显的改善.微观结构分析表明,无涂层的IC6AE合金在900℃时经过几个小时后就遭到了严重的腐蚀破坏.涂盐腐蚀100h后,表面生成了一层主要由Mo,Ni的氧化物组成的多孔无保护性的疏松层.对于Al-Si涂层的试样,900℃/100h腐蚀后试样表面生成了大量Mo,Ni的氧化物,此外还有少量Al2O3及NiAl3相,这些相对样品有一定的保护作用.涂覆NiCr-CrAl涂层的样品经900℃/100h腐蚀后,试样表面主要生成了连续致密的Al2O3及NiAl2O4层,并有少量的Mo,Ni的氧化物,因此对合金有着较好的保护作用,抗腐蚀性能得到了显著改善.     

交错肋结构形式对换热和流阻特性的影响试验研究

通过试验,研究了不同结构的交错肋对换热及流阻特性的影响。试验结果表明:努塞尔数和流阻系数,随着肋宽的增大而都增大,随着肋间距的增大而都减小,随着肋倾角的增大而都增大。综合换热效果为1.3~2.5。     

A Comparative Study of the Influence of the Active Young Sun on the Early Atmospheres of Earth, Venus, and Mars

Because the solar radiation and particle environment plays a major role in all atmospheric processes such as ionization, dissociation, heating of the upper atmospheres, and thermal and non-thermal atmospheric loss processes, the long-time evolution of planetary atmospheres and their water inventories can only be understood within the context of the evolving Sun. We compare the effect of solar induced X-ray and EUV (XUV) heating on the upper atmospheres of Earth, Venus and Mars since the time when the Sun arrived at the Zero-Age-Main-Sequence (ZAMS) about 4.6 Gyr ago. We apply a diffusive-gravitational equilibrium and thermal balance model for studying heating of the early thermospheres by photodissociation and ionization processes, due to exothermic chemical reactions and cooling by IR-radiating molecules like CO₂, NO, OH, etc. Our model simulations result in extended thermospheres for early Earth, Venus and Mars. The exospheric temperatures obtained for all the three planets during this time period lead to diffusion-limited hydrodynamic escape of atomic hydrogen and high Jeans’ escape rates for heavier species like H₂, He, C, N, O, etc. The duration of this blow-off phase for atomic hydrogen depends essentially on the mixing ratios of CO₂, N₂ and H₂O in the atmospheres and could last from ∼100 to several hundred million years. Furthermore, we study the efficiency of various non-thermal atmospheric loss processes on Venus and Mars and investigate the possible protecting effect of the early martian magnetosphere against solar wind induced ion pick up erosion. We find that the early martian magnetic field could decrease the ion-related non-thermal escape rates by a great amount. It is possible that non-magnetized early Mars could have lost its whole atmosphere due to the combined effect of its extended upper atmosphere and a dense solar wind plasma flow of the young Sun during about 200 Myr after the Sun arrived at the ZAMS. Depending on the solar wind parameters, our model simulations for early Venus show that ion pick up by strong solar wind from a non-magnetized planet could erode up to an equivalent amount of ∼250 bar of O⁺ ions during the first several hundred million years. This accumulated loss corresponds to an equivalent mass of ∼1 terrestrial ocean (TO (1 TO ∼1.39×10²⁴ g or expressed as partial pressure, about 265 bar, which corresponds to ∼2900 m average depth)). Finally, we discuss and compare our findings with the results of preceding studies.     

添加剂含量对二硅化钼发热体抗氧化性能的影响研究

研究了添加剂含量对MoSi2发热体性能的影响,使用SEM观察各种添加剂含量试样的微观组织,测定各种添加剂含量试样的氧化动力学曲线、致密度、烧损温度。     

铝合金壳体阳极化膜颜色异常分析

铝合金壳体在阳极化处理后表面阳极化膜存在颜色异常(发黑)现象。本文通过对壳体阳极化膜表面及基体形貌观察、金相分析和成分分析对发黑的原因进行了分析。结果表明壳体阳极化膜发黑的原因是由于该区域存在成分偏析(合金含量高),导致该区域的晶粒尺度比正常区域小、耐蚀性比正常区域差,膜层微观结构与正常区域存在差异,膜层内部化合物较多,致使该区域膜层呈现黑色。     

耐温400℃、低损耗改性氰酸酯载体胶膜的制备及性能

采用双酚E型氰酸酯树脂(BECE)和端羟基聚醚砜(Mx)共改性酚醛型氰酸酯树脂(NovolacCE),并将其与石英布复合制备出了一种耐温400℃、低损耗的改性氰酸酯载体胶膜。结果表明,适量的BECE和Mx热混合加入Novolac-CE树脂中,改善了Novolac-CE的浸润性和韧性,其与石英纤维的接触角降至72.8°,冲击韧性提高到13 kJ/m~2。相比于没经过处理的石英布,经过0.5%KH550/乙醇溶液处理的石英布与Novolac-CE树脂间的粘接强度最大提高70%,但是过多的KH550加入影响胶膜的耐热性。胶膜经200℃/4 h固化后,400℃时剪切强度大于5 MPa,且连续使用60 min后强度保持率大于80%,介电损耗为0.014。胶膜具有良好的自黏性并且室温适用期大于15 d,可作为耐高温(400℃)透波粘接材料应用。     

RTM用6818高温环氧树脂化学流变特性研究

以树脂传递模塑(RTM)用6818高温环氧树脂体系的化学流变特性研究为目的,以差示扫描量热法(DSC)和黏度实验为基础,采用外推法初步确定了6818树脂体系的固化工艺制度。依据双阿累尼乌斯方程建立了树脂体系的化学流变模型,模型曲线与实验数据的吻合性良好。模型分析表明,在80～100℃内树脂体系黏度低于200 mPa·s的时间大于12 h,可以作为6818树脂比较理想的注胶温度。该模型能够反映6818树脂黏度变化规律,预报该树脂体系的RTM工艺窗口。