直升机对大气紊流的响应

本文研究了直升机在大气紊流中的响应。文中假设大气紊流是一个在时间上平稳、在空间上均匀的随机场,紊流速度在桨盘上是线性分布,并以Von Karman模型来描述其频谱。诱导速度采用涡流理论导出的非均匀分布模型。 本文以其典型直升机为算例,计算了直升机对大气紊流的响应,并分析各紊流分量对直升机响应值的影响。     

旋转雾场粒子分布的全息测量

介绍了用高斯光束照射光栅而形成的衍射光场照明粒子场的同轴全息方法可以有效地测量旋转流雾化场横截面上的ＳＭＤ分布。文中描述了照明光场的特点；简要地讨论了低噪声，无孪生象的原因；介绍了全息图的显示和判读系统。完成了对１９个喷嘴、７６个截面、１６００多个采样点的测量。为密度较高的粒子场提供了有实用价值的测量结果。最后给出了Ｎｏ．１号喷嘴四个截面上ＳＭＤ分布曲线     

机翼的雷达散射截面计算

飞机雷达散射特性是影响飞机生存力的重要因素之一。在镜面反射得到控制后，机翼成为影响飞机雷达散射特性的重要散射源。利用物理光学和物理绕射理论计算翼的雷达散射截面。在计算中不仅考虑了机翼表面和后缘尖劈的散射，而且也考虑了由于面分块造成翼面不连续而形成的尖劈散射。     

Advanced Technologies Demonstrated by the Miniature Integrated Camera and Spectrometer (MICAS) Aboard Deep Space 1

MICAS is an integrated multi-channel instrument that includes an ultraviolet imaging spectrometer (80–185 nm), two high-resolution visible imagers (10–20 μrad/pixel, 400–900 nm), and a short-wavelength infrared imaging spectrometer (1250–2600 nm). The wavelength ranges were chosen to maximize the science data that could be collected using existing semiconductor technologies and avoiding the need for multi-octave spectrometers. It was flown on DS1 to validate technologies derived from the development of PICS (Planetary Imaging Camera Spectrometer). These technologies provided a novel systems approach enabling the miniaturization and integration of four instruments into one entity, spanning a wavelength range from the UV to IR, and from ambient to cryogenic temperatures with optical performance at a fraction of a wavelength. The specific technologies incorporated were: a built-in fly-by sequence; lightweight and ultra-stable, monolithic silicon-carbide construction, which enabled room-temperature alignment for cryogenic (85–140 K) performance, and provided superb optical performance and immunity to thermal distortion; diffraction-limited, shared optics operating from 80 to 2600 nm; advanced detector technologies for the UV, visible and short-wavelength IR; high-performance thermal radiators coupled directly to the short-wave infrared (SWIR) detector optical bench, providing an instrument with a mass less than 10 kg, instrument power less than 10 W, and total instrument cost of less than ten million dollars. The design allows the wavelength range to be extended by at least an octave at the short wavelength end and to ∼50 microns at the long wavelength end. Testing of the completed instrument demonstrated excellent optical performance down to 77 K, which would enable a greatly reduced background for longer wavelength detectors. During the Deep Space 1 Mission, MICAS successfully collected images and spectra for asteroid 9969 Braille, Mars, and comet 19/P Borrelly. The Borrelly encounter was a scientific hallmark providing the first clear, high resolution images and excellent, short-wavelength infrared spectra of the surface of an active comet’s nucleus.     

某型导弹的电磁散射特性分析

通过综合运用物理光学法（PO），等效电磁流法（MEC）和几何光学法（GO）等，并考虑目标各部分散射场间的相对相位关系，分析了椭球体和橄榄体两种不同形状弹头导弹的电磁特性，计算出了它们的雷达散射截面积（RCS）。计算结果与相关文献结论吻合较好，表明该方法更正确有效的，能满足工程分析需要。     

一种新的用于反射面天线辐射远场分析的快速积分方法

对一种新的用于反射面天线辐射远场的快速积分方法进行了研究,采用物理光学法分析,基于辐射场积分计算,考虑积分网格内的相位影响并用闭合表达式表示,显著减少了积分所需网格数,加快了赋形反射面天线辐射远场的计算速度,并能与其他方法组合以进一步提高辐射远场的计算速度。模拟计算结果与直接积分法比较结果表明方法可靠且有效。     

微孔光学阵列长宽比对X射线聚焦性能的影响

微孔光学阵列聚焦镜头是实现X射线探测系统高探测效率、轻小型化的有效手段,近年来得到了深入研究。X射线探测系统通过测量脉冲星辐射的X射线光子的到达时间,重构脉冲轮廓来实现航天器导航。为了获得更精确的脉冲星信号,必须尽可能多地收集X射线光子,因此探测系统的聚焦性能是X射线探测系统的核心指标,也是微孔光学阵列主要的设计目标。文章根据脉冲星能谱的分布特点,分析了微孔光学阵列通道长宽比对X射线聚焦性能的影响,提出了针对不同脉冲星选取特定长宽比的方法,实现了不同的脉冲星能谱分布下最优的聚焦效率,为后续微孔光学阵列的研制和工程搭载提供了参考。基于这种方法,文章对Crab脉冲星的能谱分布进行了微孔光学阵列设计,设计结果显示,其聚焦性能得到明显提高。     

基于刀具摆动进给的非球面加工形貌仿真

本文以设计的基于刀具摆动进给的非球面加工机床为基础,建立非球面加工形貌仿真模型。以抛物面零件为实例,进行非球面的加工仿真。仿真结果表明,摆轴的仰角误差是影响加工表面的面形精度的重要因素,而其对表面的粗糙度的影响不大。     

高陡度保形光学镜面拼接测量误差分析与建模

从测量原理出发,分析研究了测量误差产生的原因,建立了其对测量精度的影响模型,并在MATLAB下进行了仿真。最后对口径120mm,长径比1.2的椭球形保形头罩进行了实测试验。测量试验表明:上述方法能够高精度的重构出面形轮廓,方法简单,实用。     

An introduction of mountain-based GPS radio occultation experiments in China

The mountain-based GPS radio occultation is a novel approach to lower atmospheric profiling. The experiments of the mountain-based GPS radio occultation were conducted on the top of Mt. Yaogu (29.38°N, 113.68°E, ∼1240 m) on December 17, 2003, and on the top of Mt. Jiugong (29.39°N, 114.65°E, ∼1550 m) on July 24, 2004. Based on these observation data, the scientific data processing software has been developed and is used to retrieve successfully the atmospheric refractivity profiles. The validation experiment was performed on the top of Mt. Wuling (40.60°N, 117.48°E, ∼2118 m) during August 1–29, 2005. Collocated automatic weather station and the radiosondes nearby were operated simultaneously for the comparison campaign. Results show that the radio occultation technique obtained about 40 profiles every day with the receiver antenna pointing to the south. Comparisons show that the refractivity measured by occultation agree well with those by the radiosondes, but not well with those by the automatic weather station due to their much different geographic locations of measurements. Results of these experiments suggest that the mountain-based GPS radio occultation is an economic reliable novel technique monitoring temporal and spatial variations of local lower atmospheric environments.