光学加工射频离子源的去除函数与稳定性研究

在研究了射频离子源的结构、工作原理和性能的基础上,进行了光学镜面抛光离子束的去除效率与稳定性测试。实验结果表明射频离子源去除函数的形状为回转高斯形,利用Φ15mm的栅网,在靶距为30mm、离子能量900eV时,去除函数的峰值去除率为194nm/min,体积去除率为19.2×10-3mm3/min,半峰全宽值为9.2mm;并且去除函数的峰值去除率与体积去除率的变化均在3%以内,半峰全宽值的变化在1.7%以内。因此,射频离子源具有光学镜面抛光加工所需的去除效率,而且射频离子源具有好的稳定性,具备光学加工的潜能。     

A Celestial Analytic Positioning Method by Stellar Horizon Atmospheric Refraction

This article, in allusion to the limitation of conventional stellar horizon atmospheric refraction based on orbital dynamics model and nonlinear Kalman filter in practical applications, proposes a new celestial analytic positioning method by stellar horizon atmospheric refraction for high-altitude flight vehicles, such as spacecraft, airplanes and ballistic missiles. First, by setting up the geometric connexion among the flight vehicle, the Earth and the altitude of starlight refraction, an expression for the relationship of starlight refraction angle and atmospheric density is deduced. Second, there are produced a novel measurement model of starlight refraction in a continuous range of altitudes (CRA) from 20 km to 50 km on the basis of the standard atmospheric data in stratosphere, and an empirical formula of stellar horizon atmospheric refraction in the same altitudes against the tangent altitude. Third, there is introduced a celestial analytic positioning algorithm, which uses the least square differential correction instead of nonlinear Kalman filter. The information about positions of a flight vehicle can be obtained directly by solving a set of nonlinear measurement equations. The stellar positioning algorithm adopts the characteristics of stellar horizon atmospheric refraction thereby removing needs for orbit dynamics models and priori knowledge of flight vehicles. The simulation results evidence the validity of the proposed stellar positioning algorithm.     

大气紊流对驾驶员诱发振荡的影响

首先建立了大气紊流下的飞机本体短周期运动方程、驾驶员模型、Dyr den大气紊流模型及人机闭环系统模型 ;然后利用Matlab软件在时域内进行了数值仿真 ,仿真结果表明 ,对于装有电传操纵系统的飞机来说 ,大气紊流对驾驶员诱发振荡的影响不明显。     

大气紊流对飞机投放外挂的影响

 本文建立了在大气紊流作用下飞机或外挂的运动方程,阐述了考虑母机流场气动干扰时外挂所受的气动力和力矩的计算方法,提出了外挂投放后计算相对母机的运动轨迹和判断安全性的方法,最后以某歼击机投放机身下空副油箱为例,检验了在大气紊流场中投放该外挂的安全性。     

风洞中模拟大气边界层的相似参数分析

对二维稳定不可压缩紊流方程采用无量纲化分析方法，确定了环境风洞中模拟大气边界层应满足的相似参数。     

Advanced Technologies Demonstrated by the Miniature Integrated Camera and Spectrometer (MICAS) Aboard Deep Space 1

MICAS is an integrated multi-channel instrument that includes an ultraviolet imaging spectrometer (80–185 nm), two high-resolution visible imagers (10–20 μrad/pixel, 400–900 nm), and a short-wavelength infrared imaging spectrometer (1250–2600 nm). The wavelength ranges were chosen to maximize the science data that could be collected using existing semiconductor technologies and avoiding the need for multi-octave spectrometers. It was flown on DS1 to validate technologies derived from the development of PICS (Planetary Imaging Camera Spectrometer). These technologies provided a novel systems approach enabling the miniaturization and integration of four instruments into one entity, spanning a wavelength range from the UV to IR, and from ambient to cryogenic temperatures with optical performance at a fraction of a wavelength. The specific technologies incorporated were: a built-in fly-by sequence; lightweight and ultra-stable, monolithic silicon-carbide construction, which enabled room-temperature alignment for cryogenic (85–140 K) performance, and provided superb optical performance and immunity to thermal distortion; diffraction-limited, shared optics operating from 80 to 2600 nm; advanced detector technologies for the UV, visible and short-wavelength IR; high-performance thermal radiators coupled directly to the short-wave infrared (SWIR) detector optical bench, providing an instrument with a mass less than 10 kg, instrument power less than 10 W, and total instrument cost of less than ten million dollars. The design allows the wavelength range to be extended by at least an octave at the short wavelength end and to ∼50 microns at the long wavelength end. Testing of the completed instrument demonstrated excellent optical performance down to 77 K, which would enable a greatly reduced background for longer wavelength detectors. During the Deep Space 1 Mission, MICAS successfully collected images and spectra for asteroid 9969 Braille, Mars, and comet 19/P Borrelly. The Borrelly encounter was a scientific hallmark providing the first clear, high resolution images and excellent, short-wavelength infrared spectra of the surface of an active comet’s nucleus.     

模拟沿海大气环境腐蚀对2A12-T4 铝合金板件疲劳行为的影响

对航空材料服役的大气环境开展实验室加速模拟试验以获得其长期腐蚀行为和寿命退化情况是相关材料和装备设计、制造、维修以及寿命评定和寿命控制的重要内容和基础。通过开展针对2A12-T4 铝合金板件的模拟铝合金沿海大气腐蚀的实验室加速腐蚀试验，模拟研究从初期点蚀到后期剥蚀的整个沿海大气腐蚀过程中，腐蚀对铝合金板件疲劳特性的影响；基于疲劳寿命退化相当的原则，建立2A12-T4 铝合金板件加速腐蚀与大气腐蚀之间的加速等效关系。结果表明：2A12-T4 铝合金实验室加速预腐蚀后疲劳寿命退化规律与大气预腐蚀疲劳寿命退化规律一致，均呈现为“快速下降期”+“平台期”的特征。     

机翼的雷达散射截面计算

飞机雷达散射特性是影响飞机生存力的重要因素之一。在镜面反射得到控制后，机翼成为影响飞机雷达散射特性的重要散射源。利用物理光学和物理绕射理论计算翼的雷达散射截面。在计算中不仅考虑了机翼表面和后缘尖劈的散射，而且也考虑了由于面分块造成翼面不连续而形成的尖劈散射。     

直升机对大气紊流的响应

本文研究了直升机在大气紊流中的响应。文中假设大气紊流是一个在时间上平稳、在空间上均匀的随机场,紊流速度在桨盘上是线性分布,并以Von Karman模型来描述其频谱。诱导速度采用涡流理论导出的非均匀分布模型。 本文以其典型直升机为算例,计算了直升机对大气紊流的响应,并分析各紊流分量对直升机响应值的影响。     

旋转雾场粒子分布的全息测量

介绍了用高斯光束照射光栅而形成的衍射光场照明粒子场的同轴全息方法可以有效地测量旋转流雾化场横截面上的ＳＭＤ分布。文中描述了照明光场的特点；简要地讨论了低噪声，无孪生象的原因；介绍了全息图的显示和判读系统。完成了对１９个喷嘴、７６个截面、１６００多个采样点的测量。为密度较高的粒子场提供了有实用价值的测量结果。最后给出了Ｎｏ．１号喷嘴四个截面上ＳＭＤ分布曲线