基于齿面摩擦的非对称齿轮支座反力分析

以一对双压力角非对称渐开线直齿减速齿轮机构为研究对象,在考虑齿面摩擦的情况下,通过对轮齿的单双齿啮合情况进行受力分析,建立齿轮支座反力的数学模型,并给出了任意齿间载荷系数下齿轮支座反力波动程度的评价指标.研究表明:齿面摩擦是导致齿轮支座反力波动的影响因素之一;可通过提高齿面加工精度,合理润滑,减小压力角及适当增大驱动轮...     

不同截面机身头部吹气方式对侧向力的影响

研究了机身头部法向吹气和具有不同指向角的喷管切向吹气对于不同截面的机身前体所产生的影响.在风洞中采用测力的方法给出了不同截面形状的非细长机身的实验结果.讨论了迎角、吹气方式、喷管指向角及截面形状对机身侧力的影响.实验表明,法向吹气和喷管切向吹气都是有效的控制手段,吹气对其中圆锥截面模型的影响最大,椭圆截面模型次之,对带棱截面模型影响最小.      

Generalized Kutta–Joukowski theorem for multi-vortex and multi-airfoil flow with vortex production——A general model

By using a special momentum approach and with the help of interchange between singularity velocity and induced flow velocity, we derive in a physical way explicit force formulas for twodimensional inviscid flow involving multiple bound and free vortices, multiple airfoils, and vortex production. These force formulas hold individually for each airfoil thus allowing for force decomposition, and the contributions to forces from singularities(such as bound and image vortices,sources, and doublets) and bodies out of an airfoil are related to their induced velocities at the locations of singularities inside this airfoil. The force contribution due to vortex production is related to the vortex production rate and the distance between each pair of vortices in production, thus frameindependent. The formulas are validated against a number of standard problems. These force formulas, which generalize the classic Kutta–Joukowski theorem(for a single bound vortex) and the recent generalized Lagally theorem(for problems without a bound vortex and vortex production) to more general cases, can be used to identify or understand the roles of outside vortices and bodies on the forces of the actual body, optimize arrangement of outside vortices and bodies for force enhancement or reduction, and derive analytical force formulas once the flow field is given or known.     

带前缘涡轮动叶内冷通道流动换热数值模拟

在静止条件下,通过数值模拟的方法对接近真实的带前缘涡轮工作叶片腔模型内的流动与换热进行了分析.结果表明:腔内斜肋引发的三维涡对换热产生了巨大的影响,在一倍肋高范围内, Y-Z 和 X-Y 平面上都出现了肋后涡,使得此处传热系数降低;在 X-Z 平面上,第2通道产生一对方向相反的涡,第3通道只产生一个涡.两个通道中的涡都占据整个横截面,这些涡增加了通道流阻.冲击和气膜流动主导了前缘通道内的换热,冲击产生的一对涡加强了流动掺混,促进了前缘吸、压力面上的换热,而高速的气膜出流推动了这一过程.相同流量工况下,第2通道带肋表面的平均换热和局部换热都是最好的,而光滑的第1通道总压降最小,综合换热性能在各个通道中最高.随着雷诺数的增加,各通道吸、压力面的局部换热和平均换热都增强,但压降系数变化不大.      

大攻角非对称流动的非定常弱扰动控制

 研制了一种新的大攻角细长旋成体非对称涡的主动控制技术, 即在细长旋成体头部施加非定常弱扰动来控制头部非对称背涡。应用七孔探针测量的空间截面流场揭示了非定常控制下非对称涡变成对称涡的流态特征。测力试验研究结果表明该方法不仅能完全消除背涡的非对称性及其产生的侧向力, 并且有效控制攻角范围从30b直到80b。     

大迎角细长旋成体绕流结构演变过程实验研究

 通过烟流显示和测压实验, 系统地观察和分析了尖拱头细长旋成体绕流结构随迎角的演变过程。实验发现在不同迎角下, 不仅细长旋成体绕流结构形态不同, 而且不同流态结构的演变过程所含迎角范围较小,几乎在几度迎角内就可完成。     

后掠翼对细长体头部侧向力特性的影响

通过在细长体顶点处设置扰动块的方式使细长体的绕流具有确定性,在此基础上研究了机翼对细长体头部侧向力特性的影响.通过实验发现,测压截面越靠近机翼顶点,受机翼的影响越大.在50°迎角以下,后掠翼对细长体头部侧向力特性的影响很小.在60°迎角时,后掠翼对细长体头部的侧向力特性影响较大,此时单独细长体的侧向力特性实验结果已不能直接应用于后掠翼身组合体了.     

平面形状误差分离方法的比较分析

就十种典型的精密平面形状误差测量－分离方法的权函数及其零点，作了分析比较。按形状误差谐波抑制最小准则，论证了五点式正交逐次三点法、九点式正交逐次三点法、复合三点法、不对称二维混合法和不对称四点法优于其他方法，不对称四点法则较为理想。     

Landing of the asteroid probe with three-legged cushioning: Planar asymmetric dynamics and safety margin

The probes landing on the surfaces of the asteroids can increase the scientific return of the exploration missions and also promote the development of deep space resources. Because of its excellent applicability to the uneven terrain and a lighter configuration than the four-legged mechanisms, the three-legged cushioning mechanisms are suitable for dissipating the impact energy and then quickly stabilizing the probe attitude when the probe lands on the micro-gravitational surfaces of the asteroids. Research on the landing dynamics of the probe facilitates to the design of the landing-cushioning mechanism and the optimization of its configuration, as well as the assessment of the landing safety. Comparing with the previous extensive related literature focusing on landing dynamics of the probes assisted by the four-legged cushioning mechanisms, this paper studies creatively the planar dynamics considering the asymmetric characteristic and the leg-leg coupling to understand the landing process of the asteroid probe with the three-legged cushioning mechanism and thereby to optimize the configuration of cushioning mechanism and assess safety margin of the landing. According to the touchdown status, the asymmetric landing modes are classified and the coupling issue in the construction of the landing models is explained. Consequently, two types of dynamics models describing the two-stages touchdown cushioning process of the probe are established. Then, five significant configuration factors of the cushioning mechanism are extracted, and their values combinations are designed according to the Taguchi orthogonal method. On this basis, the maximum safe landing attitude angles of the probe are solved by using these values combinations as the input conditions under the dangerous situations in different landing modes. The range analysis and nonlinear fitting methods are employed to discuss the influence of the configuration factors on the landing safety margin, and the favorable parameter values of the configuration factors are determined. Next, the influence of the ground obstacle on the landing safety margin and several methods to improve the margin are researched. Finally, the complete attitude changes of the probe in two representative landing cases are analyzed. The results studied in this paper can contribute to configuration optimization of the three-legged cushioning mechanisms and safety assessment of the legged probes landing on the asteroids, as well as to provide a reference for discussing the leg-leg coupling issue received less attention in landing dynamics of the probes with the four-legged cushioning mechanisms.     

非对称液压缸对称性控制

阀控非对称缸两个运动方向上系统的开环增益及某些参数的不同,使得两个方向上的动态特性不对称,这种本质上的非线性和非对称性给系统控制带来困难.PБ-211机器人后3个关节是对称阀控制非对称液压缸伺服系统,为了使机器人运行平稳和提高控制精度,在控制中必须加以适当补偿.在分析非对称液压缸工作原理基础上,考虑液压缸伸出和缩回性能不同,提出了模型参考变增益自适应控制算法对非对称液压缸进行补偿.该算法包括单神经元自适应PID控制、模型参考自适应控制和输出增益的自动调节3个部分.仿真分析和实验表明该算法可以基本实现非对称液压缸的对称性控制,较普通PID控制算法具有明显优势.