Downsizing an orbital space robot: A dynamic system based evaluation

Small space robots have the potential to revolutionise space exploration by facilitating the on-orbit assembly of infrastructure, in shorter time scales, at reduced costs. Their commercial appeal will be further improved if such a system is also capable of performing on-orbit servicing missions, in line with the current drive to limit space debris and prolong the lifetime of satellites already in orbit. Whilst there have been a limited number of successful demonstrations of technologies capable of these on-orbit operations, the systems remain large and bespoke. The recent surge in small satellite technologies is changing the economics of space and in the near future, downsizing a space robot might become be a viable option with a host of benefits. This industry wide shift means some of the technologies for use with a downsized space robot, such as power and communication subsystems, now exist. However, there are still dynamic and control issues that need to be overcome before a downsized space robot can be capable of undertaking useful missions. This paper first outlines these issues, before analyzing the effect of downsizing a system on its operational capability. Therefore presenting the smallest controllable system such that the benefits of a small space robot can be achieved with current technologies. The sizing of the base spacecraft and manipulator are addressed here. The design presented consists of a 3 link, 6 degrees of freedom robotic manipulator mounted on a 12U form factor satellite. The feasibility of this 12U space robot was evaluated in simulation and the in-depth results presented here support the hypothesis that a small space robot is a viable solution for in-orbit operations.     

永磁同步电机驱动太阳翼扰动力矩建模与仿真

建立太阳翼驱动机构(SADA)永磁同步电机的电磁方程,并利用固定界面模态综合法建立SADA驱动太阳翼耦合系统的振动方程;设计模拟柔性负载,对SADA驱动该柔性负载的扰振力矩进行仿真分析。结果表明,SADA驱动柔性负载运行过程中所产生扰振力矩主要由两个原因引起：1)电流噪声引起的力矩波动;2)控制参数选取不当引起的转角波动。     

基于模因算法的飞机装配序列规划

针对飞机制造的装配序列规划问题,提出一种基于模因算法的飞机部件装配序列规划方法。在装配优先约束矩阵和非正交干涉矩阵的基础上构建装配规划模型,以飞机零部件间的装配方向和装配工具的差异性来构建适应度函数。在非干涉解空间中进行全局搜索,获得较优的装配规划方案,通过二叉树中序遍历法将较优的方案转化为可行解,再经过交叉操作和变异操作后,在可行解空间内进行局部搜索,最终获取较优的装配方案。以某型号的飞机舱门装配为例,通过与传统遗传算法对比,证实模因算法在飞机装配序列规划中的可行性和有效性。     

一种基于Deep-GBM的航空发动机中介轴承故障诊断方法

针对航空发动机中介轴承故障信号难于识别的特点,提出了一种深度梯度提升模型（Deep-GBM）对振动信号特征进行逐层学习以提高分类模型的准确率。开展某型航空发动机中介轴承故障模拟实验,并采用经验模式分解(EMD)方法对采集的振动信号进行分解,提取内蕴模式函数(IMF)分量非线性动力学参数样本熵作为原始故障特征。采用Deep-GBM对中介轴承内环故障、内环和滚动体综合故障、正常、滚棒剥落、滚棒划伤五种不同状态进行识别。实验结果表明,所提出的Deep-GBM故障诊断准确率达到87%,相对于传统的机器学习模型准确率最高提升了28%,并具有良好的泛化能力。      

Hypervelocity impact induced shock acoustic emission waves for quantitative damage evaluation using in situ miniaturized piezoelectric sensor network

Manmade debris and natural meteoroids, travelling in the Low Earth Orbit at a speed of several kilometers per second, pose a severe safety concern to the spacecraft in service through the HyperVelocity Impact(HVI). To address this issue, an investigation of shock Acoustic Emission(AE) waves induced by HVI to a downscaled two-layer Whipple shielding structure is performed,to realize a quantitative damage evaluation. Firstly a hybrid numerical model integrating smoothparticle hydrodynamics and finite element is built to obtain the wave response. The projectiles, with various impact velocities and directions, are modelled to impact the shielding structure with different thicknesses. Then experimental validation is carried out with built-in miniaturized piezoelectric sensors to in situ sense the HVI-induced AE waves. A quantitative agreement is obtained between numerical and experimental results, demonstrating the correctness of the hybrid model and facilitating the explanation of obtained AE signals in experiment. Based on the understanding of HVI-induced wave components, assessment of the damage severity, i.e., whether the outer shielding layer is perforated or not, is performed using the energy ratio between the regions of ‘‘high frequency" and ‘‘low frequency" in the acquired AE signals. Lastly, the direct-arrival fundamentalsymmetric wave mode is isolated from each sensing signal to be input into an enhanced delay-andsum algorithm, which visualizes HVI spots accurately and instantaneously with different sensor network configuration. All these works demonstrate the potential of quantitative, in situ, and real time HVI monitoring using miniaturized piezoelectric sensor network.     

对偶型最大熵概率密度函数模型及其优化解法

针对经典型最大熵概率密度函数模型及其计算目前存在的非线性程度高,优化不收敛,求解效率低等问题,提出了一种对偶型最大熵概率密度函数模型+逐次优化的方法.根据优化过程不稳定,重新推导了拉格朗日系数的线性变换公式.针对几种常见及一种复杂的概率密度函数,采用经典型与对偶型最大熵概率密度函数模型分别计算概率密度及可靠度的对比表明:与经典型最大熵概率密度函数模型相比,对偶型最大熵概率密度函数模型优化函数形式简单,非线性程度低.逐次优化法求解拉格朗日系数不仅克服了初始值敏感性问题,而且计算效率高.对偶型最大熵概率密度函数模型+逐次优化法与其他方法相比,计算精度最高,且能很好的应用于复杂概率分布及可靠性问题.      

基于EMD熵特征融合的滚动轴承故障诊断方法

研究了滚动轴承故障诊断单一故障信号的局限性和故障特征的非线性,从信息融合的理论出发,利用非线性动力学参数熵作为特征,提出了基于经验模态分解(EMD)熵特征融合的方法来解决滚动轴承故障诊断问题.首先将原始信号进行EMD,利用EMD的自适应多分辨率的特点计算EMD得到的固有模态函数(IMF)信号的多种熵值,然后采用核主元分析(KPCA)对提取的状态特征进行信息融合,从而得到互补的特征,最后将提取的融合特征通过支持向量机(SVM)进行故障诊断.滚动轴承故障诊断实验表明:该方法结合了EMD、信息熵理论和KPCA强大的非线性处理能力的特点,可以进行滚动轴承故障诊断.      

数字化组合测量辅助飞机装配质量检测技术

针对单独使用激光跟踪仪测量大型飞机壁板类组件装配质量时存在曲面数据细节信息不易采集、测量效率低等问题,提出基于激光跟踪仪和关节臂测量仪的大型飞机壁板类组件数字化复合测量方法.在保证测量精度的前提下,将关节臂测量仪(AACMM)融入到激光跟踪仪测量场中,使用两种设备进行集成检测,对大型飞机部件成形细节信息进行全面采集.同时根据飞机部件装配过程测量环节的测量特征,在Spatial Analyzer软件基础上开发了飞机壁板类组件数字化复合测量工具集,实现了对测量过程中所涉及到的设备、数据的集中管控.通过实例,验证了测量方法的有效性和效率.      

融合粗糙集与D-S证据理论的航空装备故障诊断

针对航空电子装备故障诊断中出现的多源诊断信息存在冲突的情况,基于粗糙集与证据理论在处理不确定问题时的优势,提出了一种融合粗糙集与证据理论的故障诊断方法.该方法利用粗糙集将信息源给出的诊断数据转化为证据理论中的mass函数,进行结果融合.同时,该方法给出边界粗糙熵的定义,并基于边界粗糙熵获得反映各信息源在诊断融合过程中重要度的动态权重参数,提出一种新的证据理论的冲突合成规则.仿真实验表明,该方法可以有效地提升诊断信息融合结果的准确性,在航空电子装备故障诊断方面有较好的实用价值.      

机械产品装配关系建模

针对机械产品装配结构和装配关系描述问题,提出了面向机械产品装配过程的"装配树"概念.以设计装配图、产品结构树为基础,结合装配过程、装配层次结构和装配顺序特征构建了"装配树"模型,并解决了产品结构树的功能延伸和描述完备性问题.在产品"功能-结构"映射关系明确的前提下,提出了以产品功能为中间转换载体的装配树层次结构建模思路,给出了"装配树"构建方法和步骤.最后以某型柱塞式喷油泵泵油系部件装配树构建为例,验证了"装配树"概念的可行性和构建方法的可操作性.