热障涂层在线/离线磷光温度测量技术研究进展

精确测量涡轮叶片表面热障涂层温度对航空发动机和地面燃气轮机设计和研制具有极其重要的意义。近年来,基于热像磷光材料磷光特性的热障传感涂层在线测温技术与热历史磷光涂层离线测温技术得到了迅猛发展。前者通过在线测量高温下磷光信号来获取实时温度信息,后者通过离线测量经高温服役后的磷光材料不可逆磷光信号变化来获取服役温度信息。这两项技术都适用于高温、高腐蚀环境下热障涂层非干涉、非接触式和高精度温度测量,具有广阔的应用前景。从热障涂层在线/离线测温原理与方法、磷光材料与制备及应用3个方面详细介绍了热障涂层在线/离线测温技术的研究现状与技术特点,并对这两种技术的发展进行了展望。     

深空探测先进电源技术综述

先进电源技术是保障深空探测任务顺利进行的前提和基础。在梳理我国后续深空探测任务(月球极区探测、小天体探测、火星探测、木星探测等)对电源系统需求的基础上,对涉及空间应用的电源技术(化学能、太阳能、同位素及空间核反应堆电源)进行概述;针对深空探测对电源系统的需求特点,分别阐述了锂离子蓄电池、太阳能电源、钚-238放射性同位素电源和空间堆核反应电源的特点、发展简史、在深空探测中应用限制及发展建议,重点分析了钚-238同位素电源和空间核反应堆电源技术的关键技术、应用情况及应用前景,为深空探测先进电源技术的长足发展提供参考。     

毛细管电泳法测定镀层中金属元素

建立了常见11种金属阳离子同时分离的毛细管电泳方法,并测定了镀层中的4种金属离子。采用50μm×58.5 cm(有效长度50cm)的未处理的熔融石英毛细管柱,研究了电解质组成包括络合剂、pH值、间接紫外检测试剂对分离的影响。加标回收实验结果表明,该方法重复性好,准确度高,简单快速,回收率为97.0-98.6%,具有很好的实用价值。     

离子发动机羽流二维轴对称数值模型与验证

为了解离子发动机羽流特别是交换电荷离子(CEX,Charge-Exchange)的分布和流动特性,建立了离子发动机羽流的物理模型,采用粒子网格(PCI,Particle in Cell)方法对2种型号的离子发动机羽流场进行数值模拟计算,与其地面实验数据进行对比分析.结果表明:在CEX离子密度大小及分布、电势的大小及最大电势梯度的位置、CEX离子流动角方面,模拟结果同实验结果符合得相当好.在电势结构方面,由于舱壁电势的影响,模拟结果同实验结果相比有一些差别.羽流模型和计算结果为相关羽流实验和数值模拟研究提供参考.      

Simulations of pickup-ion acceleration at quasi-perpendicular shocks

We present results from hybrid simulations (kinetic ion/fluid electron) of the interaction of interstellar pickup ions with collisionless shocks. Since cross-field transport is unphysically suppressed in the one-dimensional geometry used here, an ad hoc scattering algorithm is used to model this effect. This is a necessary step to accelerate the pickup ions from their initial low energies at quasi-perpendicular shocks to the high energies which are often observed associated with traveling interplanetary shocks by Ulysses.     

大气潮汐风场诱导中纬突发E层的观测证据及理论模拟分析

统计分析了中纬突发E层的测高仪数据,给出了潮汐风场诱导Es层的观测证据,证实了大气潮汐风场和突发E层的强烈相关性.另外,依据风剪切理论,从连续性方程出发,并结合运动方程,运用特征线方法求解,模拟了Es层在潮汐风场作用下的形成.模拟结果证实了风剪切理论的合理性及潮汐风场导致突发E层形成的可能性.      

A model study of the negative chlorine ion chemistry in the Earth’s mesosphere

An ion chemistry model is used to investigate the negative chlorine ion chemistry of the mesosphere for quiet ionospheric conditions. Model results are presented for high latitudes in February as well as for the equator in Summer. For nighttime, Cl^-${\text{Cl}}^{-}$, Cl^-${\text{Cl}}^{-}$(HCl), and NO₃⁻(HCl) are the most abundant chlorine anions in the mesosphere. The concentration of ClO₃⁻ depends significantly on its stability against collision-induced dissociation. In contrast to previous model predictions, the abundance of Cl^-(_H2O)${\text{Cl}}^{-}({\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O})$ is small. For daytime, photoelectron detachment and photodissociation have pronounced impact on the negative chlorine ion chemistry in the mesosphere. The abundance of all anion cluster is considerably smaller than at night. While Cl^-${\text{Cl}}^{-}$ decreases in the upper mesosphere, its abundance increases at lower altitudes.     

Biological features of an early-maturity mutant of sweet sorghum induced by carbon ions irradiation and its genetic polymorphism

It is well known that heavy ions irradiation is characterized by a high linear energy transfer (LET) and relative biological effectiveness (RBE). These characters are believed to increase mutation frequency and mutation spectrum of plants or mammalian cells irradiated by heavy ions. Here we describe an early-maturity mutant of sweet sorghum induced by carbon ion irradiation. The growth period of this mutant was shortened by about 20 days compared to the wild type. The proline content of the mutant was increased by 11.05% while the malondialdehyde content was significantly lower than that of wild type. In addition, the RAPD analysis indicated that the percentage of polymorphism between the mutant KFJT-1 and the control KFJT-CK reached 5.26%. The gain of early-maturity might solve the problem in the northwest region of China where seeds of sweet sorghum cannot be mature because of early frost. The early-maturity mutant may be important for future space cultivation.     

Protective effects of melatonin against C beam irradiation-induced oxidative stress and DNA injury in the mouse brain

The purpose of this experiment was to estimate the protective effects of melatonin against radiation-induced brain damages in mice induced by heavy ion beams. Kun-Ming mice were randomly divided into five groups: normal control group, irradiation control group, and three different doses of melatonin (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg, i.p.) treated groups. Apart from the normal control group, the other four groups were exposed to whole-body 4.0 Gy carbon ion beam irradiation (approximately 0.5 Gy/min) after i.p. administration of normal saline or melatonin 1 h before irradiation. The oxidative redox status of brain tissue was assessed by measurement of malondiadehyde (MDA) levels, total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), cytosolic superoxide dismutase (Cu/ZnSOD, SOD1) and mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (MnSOD, SOD2) activities at 8 h after irradiation. DNA damages were determined using the Comet assay and apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were detected by flow cytometric analyses. A dramatic dose-dependent decrease in MDA levels, tail moment, rates of tailing cells, and apoptosis, and a dose-dependent increase in T-SOD and SOD2 activities, in brain tissues in the melatonin-treated groups were detected compared with the irradiation only group. Furthermore, flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that the percentage of brain cells in the G0/G1 phase decreased significantly, while those in the S and G2/M stage increased dramatically, with mice pretreated with melatonin compared to the irradiation control group. These data indicate that melatonin has protective effects against irradiation-induced brain injury, and that its underlying protective mechanisms may relate to modulation of oxidative stress induced by heavy ionirradiation.