用整数小波变换进行无失真SAR图像压缩

介绍了利用提升方案(lifting scheme)构造小波变换的3个主要优点,给出了几个整数到整数可逆小波变换对,讨论了SAR图像的特点,提出了一种利用整数到整数小波变换进行无失真SAR图像压缩的方法.该方法具有速度快、可进行同址运算和能进行分级传输等特点.比较了对ERS-1单视SAR图像和IEEE标准测试图的压缩结果,表明性能要略优于DPCM(Differential Pulse Code Modulation)方法,且只须对单视SAR图像作一级小波分解,分解级数增加会使压缩效果变差.     

DBF\|SAR系统1比特量化设计

为解决DBF\|SAR系统数据率巨大和星上处理复杂的问题,提出了一种将各通道回波和距离向匹配滤波器都1比特量化的处理方法。首先证明当回波信噪比较低时,符号位已包含了目标的幅度信息,从而为1比特量化提供了可能;在此基础上,利用各通道间信号相关性强而噪声相关性弱的特点,通过数字波束成形技术,提高了系统信噪比。接着探讨了该方法的硬件实现结构和资源消耗情况。最后,仿真结果表明了方法的有效性。该方法在不明显降低成像质量的前提下,简化了系统电路设计和减小了数据率,对DBF\|SAR系统的工程实现有一定参考价值。     

基于波束锐化技术的SAR图像增强方法

在对给定的合成孔径雷达图像进行增强处理时 ,遇到的主要问题就是相位信息的丢失和对成像系统参数的一无所知。本文将波束锐化技术与合成孔径辐射方向性图的估计相结合 ,为处理此类数据提高图像的视在分辨率提供了一种方法。该处理过程由一个优化的有限冲激响应滤波器构成。滤波器的设计思想基于最小均方误差准则 ,系数对称分布 ,系数取值决定于原图像中孤立强散射点的方位向响应 ,因为此响应可以被近似视为成像系统的合成孔径辐射方向性图。点目标仿真表明雷达角分辨率能够提高近 2倍。实测数据处理结果证明了该方法的有效性     

视频条件下SAR仿真

分析了合成孔径雷达信号处理过程,在视频条件下使用VC 6.0与SimuLink结合构建了机载合成孔径雷达仿真系统软件,采用RD算法实现了点目标成像仿真,与在中频条件下相比速度上具有显著的优势。     

分数傅立叶变换用于抑制SAR杂波背景检测慢速动目标

慢速运动目标在时、空、频域上都落入主杂波区。利用单通道SAR图像中静止背景的信息抑制静止杂波,可改善检测动目标的性能。分数傅立叶变换是线性变换,不存在交叉项,采用分数傅立叶变换搜索匹配动目标信号,使其能量汇聚。对称计算旋转角正负对称的分数傅立叶变换,在两个对称的分数傅立叶域中得到两个复信号,这两个复信号中静止背景的模处处相同,而包含动目标的区域,模的幅度有很大差别,计算对称的分数傅立叶域信号对应位置模的差,取绝对值,可对消静止背景,敏锐地检测动目标。实测数据表明本算法有效。     

UWBR和HPMW一体化设计探讨

简述了美国雷达武器化的研究现状；介绍了超宽带雷达（UWBR）和高功率微波武器（HPMW）的组成、基本原理；结合国内外现有技术成果，分析了UWBR和HPMW一体化设计的可行性；参照数字阵列雷达，提出了一种UWBR和HPMW一体化概念设计结构图，并重点讨论了一体化设计的难点及关键技术。     

ISAR欺骗干扰效果评估方法研究

逆合成孔径雷达（ISAR）能够获取运动目标的一维像和二维像,利用宽带特征识别出真实空间目标.宽带成像欺骗干扰是对抗ISAR雷达目标识别的有效措施.构建了基于目标结构特征的ISAR欺骗干扰效果评估体系,提出了相应的干扰效果评估准则,研究了ISAR欺骗干扰效果评估方法.利用仿真评估软件进行仿真分析,验证了评估方法的合理性.     

An extended chirp scaling algorithm for spaceborne sliding spotlight synthetic aperture radar imaging

A system impulse response with low sidelobes is critical in synthetic aperture radar（SAR） images because sidelobes contribute to noise and interfere with nearby scatterers. However,the conventional tricks of sidelobe suppression are unable to be exactly applied to the case of spaceborne sliding spotlight SAR due to great azimuth shifts in both time and frequency domains. In this paper, an extended chirp scaling algorithm is presented for spaceborne sliding spotlight SAR data imaging. The proposed algorithm firstly uses the spectral analysis（SPECAN） technique to avoid the azimuth spectrum folding effect and then employs the chirp scaling（CS） algorithm to achieve data focusing, i.e., the so-called two-step approach. To suppress the sidelobe level, an efficient strategy for the azimuth spectral weighting which only involves matrix multiplications and short fast Fourier transformations（FFTs） is proposed, which is a post-process executed on the focused SAR image and particularly simple to be implemented. The SAR image processed by the proposed extended CS algorithm is very precise and perfectly phase-preserving. In the end, computer simulation results verify the analysis and confirm the validity of the proposed algorithm.     

Impact of rain on wave retrieval from Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar images in tropical cyclones

The main objective of our work was to investigate the impact of rain on wave observations from C-band (~5.3 GHz) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) in tropical cyclones. In this study, 10 Sentinel-1 SAR images were available from the Satellite Hurricane Observation Campaign, which were taken under cyclonic conditions during the 2016 hurricane season. The third-generation wave model, known as Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN) (version 41.31), was used to simulate the wave fields corresponding to these Sentinel-1 SAR images. In addition, rainfall data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite passing over the spatial coverage of the Sentinel-1 SAR images were collected. The simulated results were validated against significant wave heights (SWHs) from the Jason-2 altimeter and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts data, revealing a root mean square error (RMSE) of ~0.5 m with a 0.25 scatter index. Winds retrieved from the VH-polarized Sentinel-1 SAR images using the Sentinel-1 Extra Wide-swath Mode Wind Speed Retrieval Model after Noise Removal were taken as prior information for wave retrieval. It was discovered that rain did indeed affect the SAR wave retrieval, as evidenced by the 3.21-m RMSE of SWHs between the SAR images and the SWAN model, which was obtained for the ~1000 match-ups with raindrops. The raindrops dampened the wave retrieval when the rain rate was < ~5 mm/hr; however, they enhanced wave retrieval for higher rain rates. It was also found that the portion of the rain-induced ring wave with a wave number > 0.05 rad/m (~125 m wavelength) was clearly observed in the SAR-derived wave spectra.     

合成孔径雷达卫星构型设计

合成孔径雷(Synthetic Aperture Radar,简称SAR)卫星的构型与其它卫星相比具有一定的特殊性,主要体现在大面积的相控平面SAR天线在工作时需侧视(长度方向沿飞行方向)和SAR天线与太阳电池阵之间的相容性.通过分析SAR卫星构型的特点,根据卫星构型设计的原则,结合SAR卫星的构型实例,给出SAR卫星构型设计的基本思路和方法.