基于FMI的飞行器分系统多源异构模型一体化仿真

针对飞行器设计领域各个分系统独立建模设计,产生的多源异构模型难以进行联合数学仿真的问题,提出了采用FMI构建多源异构模型的通用通信接口,从FMU模型封装与联合仿真两方面,给出了一种一体化仿真平台解决方案。以实际项目为背景,验证了平台的兼容性和扩展性。为控制专业的设计工作提供了新的平台,解决了各分系统研发单位之间模型级交流的困难与障碍。同时使控制专业设计人员仅需要了解分系统原理,而无需完全细致了解模型内部结构甚至自行建模,就可以进行设计验证工作,缩短了产品研制周期。     

面向建筑空间的OFDM信号定位性能分析

针对利用OFDM信号进行定位时信号非连续性问题,提出一种粗检测和精细检测结合的测距方法,将距离测量转换为不同尺度的时延样点,采用时域粗检测快速估算接收OFDM信号的最大相关峰值,然后对传输时延进行频域精细测量,提升了小数倍采样周期时延测量的精度。在此基础上,分析了OFDM信号的定位性能,仿真结果表明,当OFDM信号在信噪比-11dB的情况下测距误差由3m左右(子载波数512)降至1m(子载波数4096)。     

Near-infrared study of open clusters Teutsch 10 and Teutsch 25

The astrophysical parameters have been estimated for two unstudied open star clusters Teutsch 10 and Teutsch 25 using the Two Micron All Sky Survey ($2\mathit{MASS}$) database. Radius is estimated as 4.5 arcmin for both clusters using radial density profiles. We have estimated proper motion values in both RA and DEC directions as $2.28\pm 0.3$ and $-0.38\pm 0.11$?mas?yr^?1 for Teutsch 10 and $0.48\pm 0.3$ and $3.35\pm 0.16$?mas?yr^?1 for Teutsch 25 using $\mathit{PPMXL}$¹ catalog. By estimating the stellar membership probabilities, we have identified 30 and 28 most likely members for Teutsch 10 and Teutsch 25 respectively. We have estimated the reddening as $E(B-V)=0.96\pm 0.3$?mag for Teutsch 10 and $0.58\pm 0.2$?mag for Teutsch 25, while the corresponding distances are $2.4\pm 0.2$ and $1.9\pm 0.1$?kpc. Ages of $70\pm 10$?Myr for Teutsch 10 and $900\pm 100$?Myr for Teutsch 25 are estimated using the theoretical isochrones of metallicity Z?=?0.019. The mass function slopes are derived as $1.23\pm 0.30$ and $1.09\pm 0.35$ for Teutsch 10 and Teutsch 25 respectively. Estimated mass function slope for both the clusters are close to the Salpeter value ($x=1.35$) within the errors. Estimated values of dynamical relaxation time are found to be less than cluster’s age for these objects. This concludes that both objects are dynamically relaxed. The possible reason for relaxation may be due to dynamical evolution or imprint of star formation or both.     

Modeling and experimental validation of sawing based lander anchoring and sampling methods for asteroid exploration

This paper presents a novel lander anchoring system based on sawing method for asteroid exploration. The system is composed of three robotic arms, three cutting discs, and a control system. The discs mounted at the end of the arms are able to penetrate into the rock surface of asteroids. After the discs cut into the rock surface, the self-locking function of the arms provides forces to fix the lander on the surface. Modeling, trajectory planning, simulations, mechanism design, and prototype fabrication of the anchoring system are discussed, respectively. The performances of the system are tested on different kinds of rocks, at different sawing angles, locations, and speeds. Results show that the system can cut 15?mm deep into granite rock in 180?s at sawing angle of 60°, with the average power of 58.41?W, and the “weight on bit” (WOB) of 8.637?N. The 7.8?kg anchoring system is capable of providing omni-directional anchoring forces, at least 225?N normal and 157?N tangent to the surface of the rock. The system has the advantages of low-weight, low energy consumption and balance forces, high anchoring efficiency and reliability, and could enable the lander to move and sample or assist astronauts and robots in walking and sampling on asteroids.     

基于位姿可达空间的太空机械臂容错路径规划

为了使太空机械臂在关节锁定故障后仍能继续完成后续任务,提出一种基于位姿可达空间的太空机械臂容错路径规划方法。基于牛顿-拉夫逊法计算太空机械臂关节人为限位,完成满足任务需求的退化工作空间求解,通过构造姿态可达度指标,在退化工作空间的基础上建立故障机械臂基坐标系下的位姿可达空间。通过在代价函数中增加最小奇异值代价项改进传统A^*算法,基于改进A^*算法在所建立的位姿可达空间内完成太空机械臂容错路径规划。所提方法综合了位姿可达空间与改进A^*算法各自的优势,实现了关节锁定故障太空机械臂同时满足避奇异与位姿可达要求的轨迹搜索。通过建立7自由度太空机械臂运动学模型开展数值仿真研究,仿真结果验证了所提容错路径规划方法的有效性。     

太空环境下电子束原位制造技术

美国国家航空航天局（NASA）载人探索计划的提出给载人登月和载人火星等带来了机会和风险,NASA的工程师和科学家正在开展在月球或火星表面利用当地提炼的材料进行原位制造工艺技术的研究。首先,介绍了太空原位制造和修复（ISFR）技术的概念和特点,结合该技术的发展背景,介绍了电子束原位制造技术的概念、特点以及在太空环境下应用的优势和潜力。然后,根据所用原材料和成形工艺原理的不同,电子束原位制造技术又分为电子束熔融（EBM）和电子束自由成形制造（EBF³）技术两个分支,分别介绍了这两个分支技术的概念、原理、特点以及采用该技术研制出的零件的性能,结合硬件设备的情况介绍了在太空环境下应用的适用性,同时也详细介绍了NASA利用兰利研究中心的C-9抛物线飞行试验系统进行电子束原位制造微重力试验的研究成果、试验数据和未来的发展趋势。最后,结合中国未来空间事业发展的需要,提出了关于发展太空环境下电子束原位制造技术的设想与建议。     

基于有向图模型的民机航空电子系统故障诊断

结合民机航电系统外场可更换单元或模块（LRU/LRM）的故障模式及影响分析（FMEA）、故障树 分析和实时性要求,设计了基于时间故障传播图（TFPG）的系统故障诊断元模型和领域模型,研究了基于逻 辑和时间一致性检验的故障诊断算法,使用后向推理和可信度度量列出候选故障集。以飞行管理系统为例,构 造了其功能失效的TFPG 模型,并通过仿真验证了基于TFPG 的诊断在滤除级联效应和关联驾驶舱效应中的有 效性。     

针对星载 SA R的散射式干扰应用研究

针对星载SAR的特点,简述了散射波干扰的干扰原理,并针对其工程实现中的几个关键问题进行了分析。最后针对典型星载SAR进行了干扰验证试验,给出了试验结果,证明了该样式的有效性。     

高空环境下喷嘴参数对航空活塞发动机燃烧与性能的影响

以一台四缸四冲程压燃式航空煤油活塞发动机为研究机型,运用工程系统高级建模和仿真平台软件(AMESim)仿真软件建立了发动机的整机模型,并使用台架实验的采集数据对该仿真模型进行了验证。在高空环境中,仿真分析了飞行器起飞工况、最大巡航工况下发动机喷油器的不同喷孔数、孔径对发动机燃烧过程、性能和NOx排放特性的影响。计算结果表明:稳态工况下,随着喷孔数的增加,最高燃烧压力和温度增加,瞬时放热率增长速度快且峰值上升;同时,缸内预混燃烧得到强化,燃烧始点提前,滞燃期和燃烧持续期缩短,燃烧重心前移,循环热效率增高,但同时会提高NOx的生成量;在飞行器瞬态变海拔的起飞工况下,多喷孔数、小孔径的喷油嘴有利于航空活塞发动机在高空环境下恢复发动机功率,提升飞行器的动力性和续航性能。      

Civil unmanned aircraft system operation in national airspace: A survey from Air Navigation Service Provider perspective

Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UASs) have advanced technologically and surged exponentially over recent years. Currently, due to safety concerns, most civil operations of UAS are conducted in low-level uncontrolled area or in segregated controlled airspace. As the industry progresses, both operational and technological capabilities have matured to the point where UASs are expected to gain greater freedom of access to both controlled and uncontrolled airspace. Extensive technical and regulatory surveys have been conducted to enable the expanded operations. However, most surveys are derived from the perspective of UAS own operating mechanism and barely consider interactions of their non-segregated activities with the Air Traffic Management (ATM) system. Hence, to fill the gap, this paper presents a survey conducted from the perspective of Air Navigation Service Provider (ANSP), which serves to accommodate these new entrants to the overall national airspace while continuing flight safety and efficiency. The primary objectives of this paper are to: (A) describe what typical ANSP-supplied UAS Traffic Management (UTM) architecture is required to facilitate all types of civil UAS operations; (B) identify three major ANSP considerations on how UAS can be accommodated safely in civil airspace; (C) outline future directions and challenges related with UAS operations for the ANSP.