隔板喷嘴排列方式对推力室燃烧流场影响研究

针对液氧煤油液体火箭发动机,采用全尺寸六分之一网格,设置周期性边界条件的简化模型,计算得到了喷注器面径向隔板喷嘴交错排列时推力室内三维非稳态两相湍流燃烧流场分布,与全尺寸网格计算结果基本一致,验证了算法与简化模型的有效性,并与喷注器面径向隔板喷嘴直线排列时推力室燃烧流场计算结果进行了对比.结果表明,采用全尺寸六分之一网格,也可较好地数值模拟推力室内燃烧流场;径向隔板喷嘴交错排列,不但有利于延长煤油和氧气的混合时间,使混合更加充分,提高燃烧效率和燃烧室压力,而且可增加喷嘴空间分布的均匀性,使燃烧室中雾化粒子分布更均匀,从而提高温度分布的均匀性.     

航空航天用GH2132系列楔形螺纹托板螺母紧固件防松性能研究

针对GH2132材料托板螺母不同规格产品开展楔形螺纹的应用研究,研究了楔形螺纹结构对产品最小安装力矩、反复拆装振动、高低温交变处理环境相容性以及轴向载荷拉脱等性能的影响,找出了楔形螺纹产品安装力矩、预紧力、扭拉系数和振动松脱的关系。研究表明,GH2132材料托板螺母采用楔形螺纹结构的锁紧性能极高,耐反复拆装50次,在温度-196℃~100℃交变环境下松脱力矩不减,抗振动6万次,拉脱力值达到常规自锁产品的1.5倍。     

“系统工程”辨析

系统工程(Systems Engineering)是成功实现系统的方法,也是应对技术复杂性的有效方法。系统工程从需求出发,综合多种专业技术,通过分析-综合-试验的反复迭代过程,开发出一个满足使用要求、整体性能优化的系统。在国内,对"系统工程"有不同的理解和定义,例如"社会系统工程"、"系统工程学"、"系统工程是工程项目"等概念。航天领域的系统工程(航天系统工程方法)具有如下特点:强调总体设计,遵循研制程序,是反复应用的系统工程过程和定量的方法。     

精密球体零件加工工艺的研究与应用

球体零件是某国家重点型号发动机某一球阀的核心零件,它具有高形位公差要求、形状不规则、表面质量要求高等特点,给实际的加工生产带来极大难度,该零件被列入某国家重点型号发动机研制中的关键工艺技术之一.通过反复试加工与参数摸索,在充分了解铝材质球体零件结构特点及加工难点的基础上,总结出一套粗加工、半精加工、精加工的加工工艺流程方法,并依据金属材料热处理原理在粗加工后、精加工前分别穿插进行不同热处理以达到消除粗加工去除大余量过程中产生的机械加工应力与稳定零件尺寸的目的,最后采用自制辅助工装夹具、刀具选择以及优化切削参数等措施,成功生产出一批完全满足设计要求的精密球体零件,装配该球体零件的球阀顺利通过热试车考核.     

Separation process of multi-spheres in hypersonic flow

The separation process of multi-spheres in hypersonic flow has been experimentally investigated. The experiments were conducted in a shock tunnel at a nominal freestream Mach number of 6. Iron or acetal small light spheres with different sizes, varying from 2.38 to 6 mm, were considered. They were mounted by a thin wire. The trajectory of the spheres was analyzed using optical images. By varying the radius and the number of spheres from a single to multiple spheres, the lateral velocity and the separation behavior including the phenomenon known as ‘shock wave surfing’ were measured and analyzed. A new equation to account for the lateral velocity of the multi-spheres was proposed by extending the well-known Passey and Melosh’s theory based on two bodies. The theoretical results were compared with the presented experimental data and a good agreement was found. Using the derived equation, the re-entry trajectory analysis of multi-spheres, that is regarded as the hypothetical break-up, was performed. The ground footprint and downrange due to the separation of the multi-spheres were compared with that of single- and two-spheres. The results showed that as the number of spheres increased, the lateral velocity increased while the ballistic coefficient decreased. This led to a large discrepancy in the ground footprint as well as the downrange when compared to the single sphere. Caution should therefore be exercised in the trajectory analysis when the effect of separation induced due to fragmentation is not considered.     

相控阵雷达长时跟踪波束调度与波形优化策略

针对相控阵雷达多目标跟踪波束调度和波形参数优化控制的问题，本文提出了一种基于马尔可夫决策过程（MDP）的相控阵雷达跟踪波束调度与波形参数优化策略，该方法以无迹卡尔曼滤波（UKF）算法为基础来估计目标的状态。首先将本文的序列决策问题建模为马尔可夫决策过程，定义了资源的效费比和长期回报率，然后与当前实际跟踪误差综合考虑作为MDP的回报函数，进而给出了调度的优化模型，最后将长时决策问题转化为动态规划算法结构进行求解，并且提出了一种并行混合遗传粒子群优化算法来求解各决策时刻的最优策略。仿真结果表明了长时策略的先进性以及寻优算法的优越性，与传统的短时策略相比，跟踪精度可提高11.17%。     

MEMS技术中的电镀工艺及其应用

电镀已经成为MEMS(Micro-Electro-Mechanical System)技术中的一种重要加工手段,相比于传统意义的表面处理作用,MEMS技术中的电镀主要用于制作微结构.介绍了几种常用的以电镀为核心方法的微结构加工工艺和它们的应用领域.微结构加工工艺包括LIGA/UV-LIGA、EFAB、PolyStrat...     

基于位姿测量不确定度的飞机对接质量评估

针对基于位姿的数字化测量辅助飞机大部件对接技术的发展与应用,对位姿测量不确定度以及基于不确定度的质量评价方法进行了研究.给出了数字化对接环境下大部件位姿的数学表达形式及意义.提出了基于协方差矩阵的位姿测量不确定度解析算法,并通过仿真算例与蒙特卡洛仿真法进行了对比,验证了该算法的有效性.给出了飞机大部件对接过程数字化测量工艺能力指数的概念,用于对测量结果的可信性进行评价;通过构建位姿测量不确定度与对接质量评估指标间的映射关系,提出了一种基于位姿测量不确定度的大部件对接质量评估方法,并以机翼-机身对接过程为案例,对方法的可行性、算法的有效性进行了验证.     

基于GPR模型的自适应平方根容积卡尔曼滤波算法

与传统算法一样,动态系统的参数化模型(含噪声统计特性)未知或不够准确易导致容积卡尔曼滤波(CKF)效果严重下降,甚至滤波结果发散.为此,利用高斯过程回归(GPR)方法对训练数据进行学习,得到动态系统的状态转移GPR模型和量测GPR模型以及噪声统计特性,用以替代或增强原有动态系统模型,并将其融入到平方根容积卡尔曼滤波(SRCKF)中,分别提出了无模型高斯过程SRCKF (MFGP-SRCKF)和模型增强高斯过程SRCKF (MEGP-SRCKF)两种算法.仿真结果表明:这两种新的自适应滤波算法提高了动态系统模型精度,且实时自适应调整噪声的协方差,克服了传统算法滤波性能易受系统模型限制的问题;与MFGP-SRCKF相比,在给定一个不够准确的参数化模型,且有限的训练数据未能遍布估计状态空间的情况下,MEGP-SRCKF具备更高的滤波精度.     

Fast approximate maximum likelihood period estimation from incomplete timing data

 To estimate the period of a periodic point process from noisy and incomplete observations, the classical periodogram algorithm is modified. The original periodogram algorithm yields an estimate by performing grid search of the peak of a spectrum, which is equivalent to the periodogram of the periodic point process, thus its performance is found to be sensitive to the chosen grid spacing. This paper derives a novel grid spacing formula, after finding a lower bound of the width of the spectral mainlobe. By employing this formula, the proposed new estimator can determine an appropriate grid spacing adaptively, and is able to yield approximate maximum likelihood estimate (MLE) with a computational complexity of O(n²). Experimental results prove that the proposed estimator can achieve better trade-off between statistical accuracy and complexity, as compared to existing methods. Simulations also show that the derived grid spacing formula is also applicable to other estimators that operate similarly by grid search.