航空铝合金系列材料裂纹扩展性能的温度效应

高低温裂纹扩展性能是航空金属结构损伤容限设计的前提,为此,试验测定了3种系列的6种航空铝合金材料(2024-T351、2397-T8、6061-T651、7050-T7451、7050-T7452和7475-T761)在5种温度环境(-70、-54、25、125和150℃)下的裂纹扩展性能,观测了试验现象,并进行了性能对比分析和疲劳断口扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析,研究了温度对航空铝合金材料裂纹扩展性能的影响机制,获得了具有工程参考价值的结果与结论:与25℃相比,低温下裂纹扩展阻力系数的对数值降低7%~15%,而高温下却增大5%~23%;低温下裂纹扩展指数增大7%~21%,而高温下却减少5%~34%;氢脆效应和高温氧化作用是导致裂纹扩展速率随温度升高而加快的主要原因。     

辅助加热温度对铝合金厚板FSW焊缝成形的影响

对铝合金厚板搅拌摩擦焊（FSW）而言,焊缝底部金属温度低、流动能力差是导致焊缝成形困难的主要原因。为此,本研究采用辅助加热的方式对待焊母材底部进行预热,分析辅助加热温度对厚板搅拌摩擦焊焊缝成形的影响。结果表明,随着辅助加热温度从20℃升高至80℃时,焊缝成形质量先变好后变差,宏观表现为焊缝内部焊核区宽度、高度及面积呈现先增大后减小的趋势,而疏松区面积呈现先减小后增大的趋势。其中,当辅助加热温度为40℃时,焊缝成形质量最好,焊核区尺寸最大,疏松区消失;而当辅助加热温度升高至80℃时,焊缝成形质量最差,疏松区面积最大。研究认为,其主要原因是添加合适的辅助加热温度可显著提高焊核区塑性金属的峰值温度及高温停留时间,塑性金属流动能力明显提高,焊缝成形质量得到极大改善。焊核区塑性金属的迁移方式由沿搅拌针表面向焊缝上部高温区迁移向挤压焊核区周边冷金属横向迁移转变。但是,当辅助加热温度太高时,焊核区塑性金属迁移方式开始转变为原始的沿搅拌针表面向焊缝上部高温区迁移,且此迁移程度有明显增大的趋势,导致焊缝内部疏松区缺陷再次出现。     

Milling surface roughness for 7050 aluminum alloy cavity influenced by nozzle position of nanofluid minimum quantity lubrication

In nanofluid minimum quantity lubrication (NMQL) milling of aviation aluminum alloy, it is the bottleneck problem to adjust the position parameters (target distance, incidence angle, and elevation angle) of the nozzle to improve the surface roughness of milling, which has large and uncontrollable errors. In this paper, the influence law of milling cutter speed, helical angle, and cavity shape on the flow field around the milling cutter was studied, and the optimal nozzle profile parameters were obtained. Using 7050 aluminum alloy as the workpiece material, the milling experiment of the NMQL cavity was conducted by utilizing cottonseed oil-based Al₂O₃ nanofluid. Results show that the high velocity of the surrounding air flow field and the strong gas barrier could be attributed to high rotating velocities of the milling cutter. The incidence angle of the nozzle was consistent with the helical angle of the milling cutter, the target distance was appropriate at 25–30 mm, and the elevation angle was suitable at 60°–65°. The range and variance analyses of the signal-to-noise ratio of milling force and roughness were performed, and the chip morphology was observed and analyzed. The results show that the optimal combination of nozzle position parameters was the target distance of 30 mm, the incidence angle of 35°, and the elevation angle of 60°. Among these parameters, target distance had the largest impact on cutting performance with a contribution rate of more than 55%, followed by incidence angle and elevation contribution rate. Analysis by orthogonal experiment revealed that the nozzle position parameters were appropriate, and R_a (0.087 μm) was reduced by 30.4% from the maximum value (0.125 μm). Moreover, R_sm (0.05 mm) was minimum, which was 36% lower than that of the seventh group (R_sm = 0.078 mm).     

高强铝合金复合脉冲VPTIG焊缝组织和性能

采用超快速变换复合超音频脉冲方波变极性TIG电弧焊接工艺进行2219-T87高强铝合金焊接,研究分析了焊缝显微组织和接头拉伸性能变化.结果表明,2219-T87铝合金复合超音频脉冲电流变极性焊接接头的组织和性能均发生显著变化,焊缝区显微组织明显细化,由粗大柱状晶向细小等轴晶转变,接头抗拉强度和断后伸长率显著提高.接头断口由脆性断裂主要特征转变为"韧性+脆性"的混合型断裂模式.在一定范围内,脉冲电流频率越高,脉冲占空比越小,作用效果越明显.复合超音频脉冲电流频率为40 kHz,脉冲电流占空比为20%时,接头抗拉强度和断后伸长率分别达到母材金属的70%和58%.     

Multi-functional SiC/AI Composites for Aerospace Applications

Multi-functional Al-matrix composites with high volume fraction (55%-57%) of SiC particles are produced with the new pres-sureless infiltration fabrication technology, X-ray detection and microscopic observation display the composites which are macroscopi-tally homogeneous without porosity. The investigation further reveals that the SiC/Al composites possess low density (2.94 g/cm3), high elastic modulus (220 GPa), prominent thermal management function as a result of low coefficient of thermal expansion (8 × 10-6 K-1) and techniques, the multi-functional SiC/Al composites have managed to be made into near-net-shape parts. Many kinds of precision com-ponents of space-based optomechanical structures and airborne optoelectronic platform have been turned out. Of them, several typical products are being under test in practices.     

铝铜点焊的研究

提出了铝铜过渡接头的点焊新方法,用交流焊机点焊铝铜,解决了Al2O3氧化膜层的破碎问题。从而可利用热活化、压力、电磁搅拌力,使铝铜固溶,扩散和铝液面移动,完成铝铜点焊,获得比铝强度高的焊接接头,为铝代铜的运用提供了一种特殊的途径。     

大型整体壁板成形技术

 大型整体壁板是现代先进民用飞机的重要结构件,大型整体壁板成形技术是整机研制过程中所必须要解决的重大关键技术。从大型整体壁板的结构特点出发,介绍了整体壁板的结构形式和分类,重点阐述了整体带筋壁板喷丸成形技术和时效成形技术的国外研究应用进展及发展趋势,分析了国内现有整体壁板成形技术的基础和存在问题,特别介绍了国内在ARJ21新支线飞机研制中所取得的最新进展。最后针对中国大飞机研制的紧迫需求,提出了尽快开展大飞机机翼和机身整体壁板成形技术研究的建议和对策。     

LC4铝合金服役环境下点蚀形貌特征及其演变规律

为获取飞机LC4铝合金在服役环境下典型点蚀形貌特征,采用模拟服役环境的加速腐蚀实验环境谱对材料试件进行加速腐蚀实验,定义3个参数蚀坑深度H、蚀坑表面长度L、蚀坑表面宽度W为表征蚀坑形貌特征参量,跟踪测量典型蚀坑不同腐蚀年限下此3个特征参量数值,获取典型蚀坑形貌特征参量数据检测结果。在此基础上,对检测结果分别采用统计分析和分形理论方法进行数据分析,获取LC4铝合金同一腐蚀年限下和不同腐蚀年限下典型点蚀蚀坑的形貌特征及其演变规律。结果表明:同一腐蚀年限下,点蚀蚀坑形貌特征参量符合对数正态分布;随着腐蚀年限的增加,点蚀蚀坑形貌特征参量逐渐体现出明显的分形特征,蚀坑形貌逐渐趋向坑深度较浅、坑表面长度较长、坑表面宽适中的特征。     

AA 7055铝合金板材的微观组织与力学性能

研究AA 7055-T7751板材不同厚度层的力学性能,并采用电子背散射衍射(EBSD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、小角度X射线散射(SAXS)等分析技术研究板材不同厚度层的微观组织。结果表明:从板材表层到厚度中心,再结晶程度从69%下降到19.1%,亚晶粒尺寸从10μm减小到2μm;板材厚度中心主要为轧制型织构,远离中心层其含量逐渐减少,板材表层主要为剪切型织构;板材主要强化相为盘状η'相,其盘面半径为3.7 nm,厚度为1~3 nm,与基体的共格应变约为0.0133;板材不同厚度层沿轧制方向的拉伸屈服强度近似呈线性变化:σ_y=-38.7S+604.8(0≤S≤1)。