7055铝合金单级时效微观结构演变的透射电镜研究

采用透射电子显微镜对固溶单级时效处理7055铝合金中的沉淀相进行了研究.在较短的时效时间里,可以观察到GP区在[111]面上形成,随着时效时间增加,GP区逐渐长大.η＇亚稳相在120℃时效4 h的时候被发现,它与基体的取向关系是[0 0 0 1]η＇//[1 (1) 1]Al及(1 0 (1) 1)η＇//(1 1 0)Al.在时效达到24 h时,η相便析出,它们与基体存在[(1) 1 0 0]η//[1 1 0]Al及(0 0 0 1)η//(1 1 1)Al的取向关系.由于η＇亚稳相和η相颗粒的密度相比于区而言较小,所以GP区对提高该时效合金的强度和硬度起至关重要的作用.     

Effect of blank quenching on shear spinning forming precision of 2219 aluminum alloy complex thin-walled components

The quenching-spinning (Q-S) process, i.e., shear spinning after blank quenching, has been increasingly utilized to form 2219 aluminum alloy complex thin-walled components. However, the changes in material property, shape and stress of the blanks after quenching will affect the spinning forming precision. In this study, the rules and mechanisms of these effects are investigated based on a combined finite element (FE) model including blank quenching and component spinning process. The results indicate that the increase of material strength and the existence of distortion of the quenched blank lead to a notable increase in the non-uniformity of the circumferential compressive stress in the spinning area and the increase of the flange swing height during spinning. These changes result in an increase in the wall thickness and component-mandrel gap of the components. The quenching residual stress has little effect on wall thickness and roundness but can noticeably reduce the component-mandrel gap. This is because that the existence of quenching residual stress of the blank can lead to the decrease of the maximum circumferential compressive stress of the workpiece in spinning and an obvious drop in the maximum compressive stress after reaching the stress peak. Quenching distortion is the main factor affecting the roundness. Moreover, the optimized installation way of the blank for spinning is obtained.     

变极性等离子弧焊设备及其铝合金焊接工艺研究

介绍了国产变极性等离子弧焊（VPPAW）设备的组成、变极性电源主电路的工作原理。以及微机控制和焊炬等关键技术。用该设备对不同厚度的高强度可热处理强化铝合金试样、贮箱缩比及1：1试验件进行了VPPAW，并分析了接头形式、起弧与收弧、焊接工艺参数确定、常见缺陷、焊接组织及其力学性能。焊接试验结果表明，用VPPAW设备焊接的铝舍金厚度可达14mm，与交流钨极惰性气体保护焊（TIG）相比，其焊缝质量佳，接头性能优。     

包覆铝粉破裂燃烧的实验观测

为强化燃烧，让复合推进剂中的铝粉表面覆一种高分子表面活性剂。燃烧过程中这种活性剂形成不可参透的壳层，可通过破裂燃烧的方式铝粉快速完全的燃烧。     

舰载机服役环境中微生物的提取及其对 7B04铝合金腐蚀行为的影响

舰载机服役环境恶劣,容易遭受微生物腐蚀。从舰载机油箱和电子元件材料腐蚀产物中取样,进行微生物的分离、提取与鉴定,筛选出 7种典型菌株。通过开路电位(OCP)、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和动电位极化曲线等电化学测试,初步研究了其中 3种菌对 7B04铝合金腐蚀行为的影响。试验结果表明,假丝酵母菌对 7B04铝合金腐蚀有抑制作用,而鲁氏不动杆菌和副干酪乳酸菌具有促进腐蚀的作用。     

Preparation of bimodal grain size 7075 aviation aluminum alloys and their corrosion properties

The bimodal grain size metals show improved strength and ductility compared to traditional metals; however, their corrosion properties are unknown. In order to evaluate the corrosion properties of these metals, the bimodal grain size 7075 aviation aluminum alloys containing different ratios of coarse(100 μm in diameter) and fine(10 μm in diameter) grains were prepared by spark plasma sintering(SPS). The effects of grain size as well as the mixture degree of coarse and fine grains on general corrosion were estimated by immersion tests, electrochemical measurements and complementary techniques such as scanning electron microscope(SEM) and transmission electron microscope-energy disperse spectroscopy(TEM-EDS). The results show that, compared to fine grains, the coarse grains have a faster dissolution rate in acidic NaCl solution due to the bigger size,higher alloying elements content and larger area fraction of second phases in them. In coarse grains,the hydrogen ions have a faster reduction rate on cathodic second phases, therefore promoting the corrosion propagation. The mixture of coarse and fine grains also increases the electrochemical heterogeneity of alloys in micro-scale, and thus the increased mixture degree of these grains in metal matrix accelerates the corrosion rate of alloys in acidic NaCl solution.     

Effects of Hybrid Voltages on Oxide Formation on 6061 Al-alloys During Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation

Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) is carried out on 6061 Al-alloys in a weak alkaline electrolyte containing NaOH, Na₂SiO₃ and NaCl. Centered on the correlation of composition and structure, analyses by means of X-ray diffration (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) are conducted on the specimens, which have been PEO-treated under hybrid voltages of different direct current (DC) values (140-280 V) with constant alternate current (AC) amplitude (200 V). Attention is paid to the composition, properties and growth mechanism of oxide layers formed with hybrid voltages. Moreover, the main effects of DC value are discussed. Ceramic layers with a double-layer structure which combines hard outer and soft inner layers are found to be consist of α-Al₂O₃, γ-Al₂O₃ and mullite. With the DC values increasing, the growth of the ceramic layers tends to have increasingly obvious three-stage feature.     

不同喷铝参数对复合材料雷击防护性能模拟

为了研究复合材料不同的雷击防护(lightning strike protection,LSP)系统在雷电流作用下的损伤规律,对雷击损伤过程和烧蚀机理进行分析,建立复合材料层合板雷击防护的能量平衡数学模型。在此基础上,在ABAQUS中建立复合材料基准件、全喷铝和局部喷铝防护系统的碳纤维增强复合材料(carbon fiber reinforced polymer,CFRP)层合板电-热耦合有限元模型,和实验结果对比验证模型的有效性,对雷击烧蚀损伤特征进行分析,并引入雷击烧蚀损伤指数DI,得出三种不同模型在不同铝涂层厚度、不同峰值雷电流作用下的烧蚀损伤规律,并对两种不同的局部喷铝防护系统下复合材料的损伤特征进行对比分析。结果表明:雷击防护系统下复合材料的烧蚀损伤面积和铝涂层厚度关系进行函数拟合,两者均满足幂函数关系。     

2A12 铝合金锻坯开裂故障分析

某产品用2A12铝合金锻坯在生产过程中发生开裂故障。本文对开裂锻坯进行了形貌观察与断口分析,并对比研究了热处理后开裂锻坯、未热处理锻坯和原材料铝棒。结果表明:开裂锻坯上的开裂模式为脆性开裂;开裂锻坯上的裂纹形成于热处理过程,形成原因应与锻造工艺控制不当导致锻坯在热处理过程中形成的粗晶有关。     

熔体热历史对快凝铝铁基合金显微组织不均匀性的影响

 研究合金熔体热历史对快凝Ａｌ一Ｆｅ基合金显微组织不均匀性的影响。结果表明：在熔体温度为１２５０～１３５０℃,保温时间为１０ｍｉｎ的热历史条件下,快凝显微组织中可得到在过饱和固溶体ａ－Ａｌ基体上均匀分布着２０～４０ｎｍ的ｂｃｃＡｌ１２(Ｆｅ,Ｖ)Ｓｉ弥散相组织。