7075-T6铝合金厚板FSW焊缝沿厚度方向上的显微组织演变规律

采用金相显微镜（OM）、扫描电镜（SEM）和背散射电子衍射（EBSD）技术表征7075铝合金厚板搅拌摩擦焊（FSW）焊核中心区的微观结构，研究沿焊缝厚度方向上的显微组织演变规律。结果表明，焊核中心区发生了明显的动态再结晶，由原始粗大的板条状组织转变成了细小的等轴晶；随着距焊缝上表面距离的增加，中心区等轴晶晶粒尺寸呈现逐渐增大的趋势。其中，中心区上部4 mm处的晶粒尺寸最小，仅为7.8 μm；底部19 mm处的晶粒尺寸最大，达18.6 μm。中心区动态再结晶分数随距离的增大而逐渐减小，从中心区顶部1 mm处最大值90.4%减小至底部19 mm处最小值57.5%。受动态再结晶影响，焊核中心区主要以大角度晶界（HAGB）分布为主，且中心区大角度晶界随距离的增加呈逐渐降低的趋势；但每一个典型位置处的大角度晶界分布呈现先增大后减小的趋势，且在45°左右时达到最大值；此外，中心区并没有强取向组织产生。同时，焊核中心区主要以细小、弥散的二次析出强化相η相为主，且二次析出强化相颗粒尺寸随距离的增加而呈逐渐增大的趋势，但二次析出强化相颗粒总体数量却呈相反的趋势变化。     

空间红外遥感器定标机构故障应急退出装置

针对空间红外遥感器定标机构故障模式,首次设计了一种基于记忆合金的应急退出装置,以解决因电机或控制电路故障而导致的整个成像系统失效问题。该应急退出装置通过对记忆合金棒进行加热,使其受热收缩,从而驱动齿轮传动系统脱离啮合状态,完成机构复位运动。为验证该应急退出装置的功能和性能,利用研制产品进行了真空、大气环境等多种状态下的应急退出试验。结果表明:在大气和真空环境中,该装置能实现多种状态下的可靠退出功能;在28 V额定直流工作电压下,应急退出总时间可达145～152 s。该机构具有实现简便、可靠性高、退出速度快等优点,在空间机构的故障应急方面具有较大的工程应用潜力。     

基于镁合金基体的螺纹连接承载性能研究

利用螺纹扭拉试验原理，针对航天用铸造镁合金螺纹连接问题，进行了螺纹紧固连接的量化研究。通过探究镁合金螺纹抗扭强度、扭拉关系和轴向承载能力，系统性的给出了镁合金螺纹的基本性能指标，对工程应用具有指导意义。     

镁合金管材热挤压过程数值模拟研究

为了得到综合力学性能良好的AZ31镁合金管材,采用有限元软件DEFORM-3D对AZ31镁合金的挤压过程进行了模拟,定性分析了AZ31坯料温度场的变化及等效应力的分布规律,并计算了管材不同方向的最大拉应力曲线。结果表明热挤压的等效应力在模角拐弯处应力集中严重,温度场分布接近终了时进入等温挤压阶段,热挤压管材的横向裂纹产生的可能性较大,分析结果为工艺实验提供了指导作用。     

颗粒增强锌基复合材料断裂与断口分析

为探讨颗粒增强低熔点金属基复合材料的性能和断裂特性，扩大锌合金的应用范围，本项工作采用流变铸造法制备了ＳｉＣｐ／Ｚｎ，Ａｌ２Ｏ３ｐ／Ｚｎ基复合材料，对该材料进行了冲击韧性、弯曲强度、压缩强度等性能测试，观察了其断口形貌，分析了其断裂特性，提出了此类复合材料的断裂模式。文中还讨论了增强颗粒的表面处理、粒子含量、粒径大小、粒于种类、基体合金种类对复合材料性能的影响。     

7055铝合金单级时效微观结构演变的透射电镜研究

采用透射电子显微镜对固溶单级时效处理7055铝合金中的沉淀相进行了研究.在较短的时效时间里,可以观察到GP区在[111]面上形成,随着时效时间增加,GP区逐渐长大.η＇亚稳相在120℃时效4 h的时候被发现,它与基体的取向关系是[0 0 0 1]η＇//[1 (1) 1]Al及(1 0 (1) 1)η＇//(1 1 0)Al.在时效达到24 h时,η相便析出,它们与基体存在[(1) 1 0 0]η//[1 1 0]Al及(0 0 0 1)η//(1 1 1)Al的取向关系.由于η＇亚稳相和η相颗粒的密度相比于区而言较小,所以GP区对提高该时效合金的强度和硬度起至关重要的作用.     

CU-1型钇基重稀土对Be-Cu合金性能影响的研究

研究了CU-1型钇基重稀土对Be-Cu合金性能的影响。结果表明:Be-Cu合金经过微量CU-1型稀土的微合金化处理后,其显微硬度、耐磨性和耐腐蚀性均有不同程度的提高,热膨胀系数有所下降;随着稀土加入量的增加,Be-Cu合金的显微硬度逐渐提高,磨损量和平均腐蚀速率逐渐降低,热膨胀系数先减小后增大。     

A thermal activation based constitutive model for the dynamic deformation of AA5083 processed by large-scale equal-channel angular pressing

Aluminum alloy 5083 (AA5083) processed by large-scale Equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) is an excellent engineering material with great prospects for industrial applications. An accurate assessment of the underlying constitutive relationships with easily determined material constants is critical for the predictive design and informed processing of such structural materials. To develop such a design framework, uniaxial dynamic compressive tests over a wide range of temperatures (293–573 K) were carried out for an ECAP-processed AA5083 alloy. Additionally, the microstructure before and after dynamic loading was characterized by SEM and TEM. Based on the experimental results, a new dynamic constitutive model, based on thermal activation theory, was established to describe the plastic flow behavior of the AA5083 alloy that incorporates the effects of plastic strain, temperature, and strain rate. The input parameters of the new model were determined using a particle swarm optimization (PSO) method. The model predictions show excellent agreement with experimental results, which suggests that the current predictive constitutive model is highly effective in reproducing the dynamic deformation behavior of the large-scale ECAP-processed AA5083.     

Effect of blank quenching on shear spinning forming precision of 2219 aluminum alloy complex thin-walled components

The quenching-spinning (Q-S) process, i.e., shear spinning after blank quenching, has been increasingly utilized to form 2219 aluminum alloy complex thin-walled components. However, the changes in material property, shape and stress of the blanks after quenching will affect the spinning forming precision. In this study, the rules and mechanisms of these effects are investigated based on a combined finite element (FE) model including blank quenching and component spinning process. The results indicate that the increase of material strength and the existence of distortion of the quenched blank lead to a notable increase in the non-uniformity of the circumferential compressive stress in the spinning area and the increase of the flange swing height during spinning. These changes result in an increase in the wall thickness and component-mandrel gap of the components. The quenching residual stress has little effect on wall thickness and roundness but can noticeably reduce the component-mandrel gap. This is because that the existence of quenching residual stress of the blank can lead to the decrease of the maximum circumferential compressive stress of the workpiece in spinning and an obvious drop in the maximum compressive stress after reaching the stress peak. Quenching distortion is the main factor affecting the roundness. Moreover, the optimized installation way of the blank for spinning is obtained.     

Microstructure control techniques in primary hot working of titanium alloy bars:A review

How to control the microstructure of titanium alloy bars is important to fabricating high-performance aerial forgings. This paper gives a thorough survey of the manufacturing meth-ods and microstructure control techniques for titanium alloy bars. It summarizes the effects of pro-cessing parameters on the mechanisms and laws of microstructure evolution during b working and (a+b) working, including the kinetics and grains size of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) during b deformation and the kinetics and grains size of spheroidization during (a+b) deformation. The trends in microstructure control techniques are presented for fabricating titanium alloy bars with high efficiency, low cost, and high quality by means of b/(a+b) working, and the puzzles and chal-lenges in the future are also pointed out.