Investigation on Mechanism of Altitude Characteristic for Air-breathing Pulsed Laser Thruster

Altitude characteristic is of great importance for studying when an air-breathing pulsed laser thruster works in the dense atmosphere condition of 0-30 km altitude. The experimental findings all over the world show that the similar relationship between impulse coupling coefficient and altitude. According to strong explosion theory and an ideal gas model, a dimensionless factor indicating energy law of similitude is introduced, and formula of impulse coupling coefficient is deducted. Then theoretical study of altitude characteristic is carried out and mechanism of altitude characteristic is further explained. The results indicate that there is a maximum value of impulse coupling coefficient if the dimensionless factor equals to 0. 41 in theory, and whether the phenomena of maximum appear or not depends on the range of the dimensionless factor related to altitude. As to a conical nozzle with the fixed length of 120 mm, the relationship between the sonic velocity and the dimensionless factor causes the maximum phenomenon at the altitude of about 12. 5 km, and maximum theoretical impulse coupling coefficient is also found in the experimental investigations. The mechanism of altitude characteristic for air-breathing pulsed laser thruster is discovered in this article, which will provide reference for further research on altitude characteristic.     

航空发动机高空模拟试验进气压力复合控制研究

针对航空发动机高空模拟试验进气压力控制系统动态特性较差的问题,提出在进气压力常规PID反馈控制的基础上．增加按空气流量补偿的前馈控制,构成压力复合控制系统。试验结果证明,所设计的复合控制系统能实现快速度和高精度的统一。     

高空气球热力学模型与上升过程仿真分析

基于对高空气球热力学环境的分析,建立了热力学与动力学耦合的高空气球动力学模型;并采用该模型对某高空气球的上升与驻留过程进行仿真分析.结果表明:高空气球上升过程中内部氦气存在"超冷"现象,其中平流层区域"超冷"明显,氦气平均温差为-19 K;由于"超冷",其上升速度曲线呈双"V"形变化;强太阳辐射与弱对流环境使驻留过程中氦气呈现"超热"现象,平衡时氦气平均温度比环境温度高39 K,球内氦气超压648.8 Pa.数值仿真的速度、平均温度变化规律与相关飞行试验数据相吻合,说明该仿真模型是有效的.      

低轨航天器磁推进及其能力估算

针对地球空间磁场分布特点,提出可用于实现低轨航天器轨道维持、轨道变更的无质消耗推进技术。从基本的磁学理论出发,建立了带磁航天器在地球空间磁场中的飞行磁推力模型,阐述了通过航天器磁性获取无工质消耗连续推力的磁推进概念和原理,阐明了作用机理,提出了磁力矩解耦的磁力线追踪推力策略,给出了磁推进的能力包络和轨道高度保持与提升的典型估算结果。分析表明,当飞行体磁矩达到10⁶Am²量级以上时,可以有效用于600~1000km范围内轨道高度保持或提升。此外,文章还简要分析了实现高磁矩的技术可行性。     

助推-滑翔弹道高精度滑翔射程解析估算方法

针对目前高超声速滑翔弹道解析估算精度不高问题,提出一种基于高度变化特性的高精度滑翔射程解析估算方法。该方法首先从单位质量机械能的角度出发,建立滑翔射程与升阻比、初末速度间的解析式。在此基础上,利用准平衡滑翔条件,推导建立了滑翔高度随动能变化的平衡函数,并据此实现了对滑翔射程解析估算结果的修正,从而显著提高了实际飞行时速度倾角微小变化情况下的滑翔射程估算精度。最后与数值仿真弹道进行对比分析。结果表明,所提方法的滑翔射程解析估算误差小于1%,具有较高精度,可为高超声速远程滑翔弹道飞行性能分析、射程估算和在线弹道规划提供可靠的理论依据。     

基于数字地图预处理的低空突防飞行路线规划

地形跟随/地形规避/威胁回避TF/TA²(Terrain Following, Terrain Avoidance, Threat Avoidance)路线规划是低空突防研究的关键技术.地形信息存贮在数字地图中.为保证所设计路线对飞行器来说是可实现的,研究了数字地图的预处理,把地形、威胁及飞行器性能等信息融合构造了虚拟的地形表面.预处理包括数据文件压缩、威胁信息转化为地形信息、数据插值、及地形的平滑处理.通过设计综合TF/TA²的指标函数、根据A^*算法对其转化,并采用优化方法,可实现三维TF/TA²路线规划.仿真结果证明了算法的有效性.     

Dynamic temperature prediction of electronic equipment under high altitude long endurance conditions

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is developing towards the direction of High Altitude Long Endurance (HALE). This will have an important influence on the stability of its airborne electronic equipment using passive thermal management. In this paper, a multi-node transient thermal model for airborne electronic equipment is set up based on the thermal network method to predict their dynamic temperature responses under high altitude and long flight time conditions. Some relevant factors are considered into this temperature prediction model including flight environment, radiation, convection, heat conduction, etc. An experimental chamber simulating a high altitude flight environment was set up to survey the dynamic thermal responses of airborne electronic equipment in a UAV. According to the experimental measurement results, the multi-node transient thermal model is verified without consideration of the effects of flight speed. Then, a modified way about outside flight speed is added into the model to improve the temperature prediction performance. Finally, the corresponding simulation code is developed based on the proposed model. It can realize the dynamic temperature prediction of airborne electronic equipment under HALE conditions.     

空间站轨道高度选择

有许多因素影响空间站轨道高度的选择,包括:任务要求,辐射环境,微流星和空间垃圾,空间站构型,运载器能力,发射窗口以及空间站的补给要求等。从补给运输系统性能考虑,要求空间站的轨道高度低一些,但是从轨道维持出发,希望空间站轨道高度高一些。该文讨论了补给、轨道维持和太阳活动对轨道高度的影响,给出了空间站的最佳运行高度。文中还以载人飞船和航天飞机为运输系统进行了数值计算,得到的主要结论是空间站的最佳运行高度不是常数,而是随着太阳活动情况和补给频繁次数变化。在太阳活动高年期间,空间站轨道高度应提高。当空间站的补给次数增加时,空间站的最佳运行高度应该下降。     

羽流效应地面模拟试验系统关键技术发展

叙述了羽流效应地面模拟试验系统由高空模拟试车台向真空试验系统发展的过程,指出引射原理的局限性和低温冷凝技术的适用性.介绍了应用低温冷凝技术建成的美国CHAFF-4(the collaborative high altitude flow facility-Ⅳ)系统和德国STG(Simulationsanlage für Treibstrahlenin G?ttingen)系统及中国首座大型羽流效应地面模拟试验系统——PES(the plume effects experimental system)系统.采用直接模拟蒙特卡罗DSMC (direct simulation Monte Carlo )方法对PES设备的内置式液氦深冷泵的抽气能力进行了数值模拟研究,结果表明无论有无羽流吸附泵时,2g/s级发动机点火时,内置式液氦深冷泵都能满足发动机出口截面后 ? 4m×5m范围内的背压小于10-3 Pa,羽流吸附泵能有效地阻止压缩波向喷管方向推进.      

水/一氧化二氮组合式SteamJet发动机性能研究

为研究水/一氧化二氮组合式射流预冷却涡轮（SteamJet）发动机性能,在建立了射流预冷却的热交换系统计算、物性修正计算、发动机部件特性修正计算和含一氧化二氮的燃烧室计算的数学模型的基础上,建立了基于双轴混排加力式涡扇发动机的水/一氧化二氮组合式SteamJet发动机性能计算模型。在最大加力状态控制规律下,计算分析了SteamJet发动机在水与一氧化二氮不同配比下沿飞行轨道的特性,以及水/一氧化二氮组合式SteamJet发动机的高度速度特性;计算分析了进气系统特性对SteamJet发动机特性的影响。结果表明：与单喷水预冷却的SteamJet发动机相比,水/一氧化二氮组合式SteamJet发动机具有更好的燃烧稳定性和推力特性,能够满足高超声速飞行的需求。