Research on uncertainty in measurement assisted alignment in aircraft assembly

Operations in assembling and joining large size aircraft components are changed to novel digital and flexible ways by digital measurement assisted alignment.Positions and orientations（P＆O）of aligned components are critical characters which assure geometrical positions and relationships of those components.Therefore,evaluating the P＆O of a component is considered necessary and critical for ensuring accuracy in aircraft assembly.Uncertainty of position and orientation（U-P＆O）,as a part of the evaluating result of P＆O,needs to be given for ensuring the integrity and credibility of the result;furthermore,U-P＆O is necessary for error tracing and quality evaluating of measurement assisted aircraft assembly.However,current research mainly focuses on the process integration of measurement with assembly,and usually ignores the uncertainty of measured result and its influence on quality evaluation.This paper focuses on the expression,analysis,and application of U-P＆O in measurement assisted alignment.The geometrical and algebraical connotations of U-P＆O are presented.Then,an analytical algorithm for evaluating the multi-dimensional U-P＆O is given,and the effect factors and characteristics of U-P＆O are discussed.Finally,U-P＆O is used to evaluate alignment in aircraft assembly for quality evaluating and improving.Cases are introduced with the methodology.     

SINS基于非线性量测的大失准角初始对准算法

针对陆用捷联惯导系统(SINS)大失准角初始对准问题,提出一种基于二阶非线性量测的二阶泰勒级数展开的初始对准算法。首先,将大失准角非线性对准问题,转化为具有线性系统方程和二阶非线性量测方程的滤波问题。然后,设计基于二阶非线性量测方程的二阶泰勒级数展开的滤波算法,可以在任意姿态和无初值条件下进行初始对准和参数估计。最后进行车载对准试验,结果表明,新算法可以在300s内完成实现大失准角初始对准,对准精度与传统分段对准算法相当。     

高斯-厄米特滤波器在捷联惯导系统初始对准中的应用

 为提高静基座初始对准精度,缩短对准时间,采用了基于大方位失准角的对准模型,引入了高斯-厄米特滤波器(GHF)。针对GHF中均值和协方差阵的多元非线性高斯积分求解问题,利用初始对准误差方程的非线性是由大方位失准角导致的特点,通过状态的线性变换,求其线性状态解析解,将高维积分转化成一元数值积分,在不损失精度的前提下,解决了GHF在对准应用的"维数灾难"问题。将此算法用于实际系统,对比于扩展卡尔曼滤波器(EKF)、无迹卡尔曼滤波器(UKF),结果表明在大方位失准角条件下,GHF方法偏航角的对准精度提高了16%,对准时间缩短了75％。     

舰载机惯导系统大方位失准角传递对准建模与仿真

为解决舰载机惯导系统在大方位失准角条件下的初始对准问题,建立舰载机惯导系统传递对准误差模型。该模型通过载舰坐标系与舰载机标称坐标系之间方向余弦矩阵,将载舰坐标系与实际舰载机坐标系之间的大方位失准角问题．转化为舰载机标称坐标系与实际舰载机坐标系间的小方位失准角问题,建立了舰载机传递对准的线性化数学模型,并采用“速度”匹配法建立了传递对准滤波器模型,利用轨迹发生器对模型进行仿真验证。     

A two-position SINS initial alignment method based on gyro information

This paper presents a method to improve the accuracy of and reduce the time needed for the initial alignment of strapdown inertial navigation systems. The new method is based on the conventional two position method enhanced by the use of gyro information. After presenting the problem of initial alignment and identifying the key issues – low accuracy and long convergence time, the paper introduces the two position method showing the improvement of performance but not on convergence time. By using gyro information in the new method, precision is improved and time for alignment reduced. The discussion is illustrated with simulations.     

初始定位误差对SINS动基座对准的影响分析

初始定位误差对捷联式惯导系统水下初始对准有着重要影响。针对此问题,基于捷联式惯导系统非线性误差模型利用无迹卡尔曼滤波方法进行载体系测速辅助捷联式惯导系统精对准。首先在水下单应答器定位技术已有研究成果的基础上,对初始定位误差对捷联式惯导系统水下动基座初始对准结果的影响进行理论分析;而后基于船载实测数据对理论分析结果进行水下动基座对准半物理仿真试验验证。试验结果表明,当水下初始位置的定位误差在200m以内时,初始定位误差对捷联式惯导系统动基座精对准的姿态对准结果基本没有影响;会给精对准过程中的位置误差估计带来与初始定位误差相同大小的常值误差。     

Sagnac横向剪切干涉仪设计方法的研究

详细论述了实体Sagnac型干涉仪的工作原理和几何尺寸的优化设计方法,并对实体棱镜构成的干涉仪用展开成平板玻璃的方法来计算分束膜的投射高度,简单且快捷。结合实例给出了计算结果,并对干涉仪的加工要求与装调方法等进行了定性分析。     

无依托状态加速度计的新型标定方法

为解决加速度计性能参数时变性的问题,提出了无依托状态下加速度计标定方法.在无需借助转台等传统标定设备、无需拆卸惯性元件的条件下,充分利用惯导系统(INS,Inertial Navigation System)自身资源,以静基座初始对准获得的准确姿态信息为前提,利用当地重力g作为标定基准,考虑到误差模型非线性的特点,引入非线性寻优策略辨识零位偏差,将误差模型蜕变为线性后,运用线性最小二乘方法辨识安装误差矩阵和刻度因数误差,从而实现加速度计关键参数标定.数值仿真结果显示:经过标定后加速度计测量误差可减小20倍,说明在无依托状态下具有工程实用价值.      

小卫星精测系统分析

文章简要分析了精度检测工作中空间测量坐标系的建立过程,以及准直测量、点测量等测量方法,并对坐标变换进行了说明,最后简要叙述了小卫星精度检测工作的一般流程。     

飞机校靶装置技术的发展

飞机校靶装置是军用飞机校靶作业使用的专用保障设备,主要用于机载武器系统和相关系统安装轴线与机体基准轴线间的角度偏差的测量和校准,保障武器系统和相关系统的工作精度和准确性。飞机校靶装置从传统的靶板-望远镜系统发展到目前的新技术校靶装置,实现了技术和性能上的全面跨越。本文概述校靶装置技术发展,简要总结发展历程和发展规律;重点分析和比较3种新技术校靶装置,包括基于光电-惯性技术的光电-惯性校靶装置、基于摄影测量技术的摄影测量校靶装置和基于惯性技术的纯惯性校靶装置,进行技术分析和研究;对我国新型校靶装置发展提出建议。