灰色系统研究进展（2004--2014）

从灰数及其运算、灰色序列算子与灰色预测模型、灰色关联分析与灰色聚类评估模型、灰色决策模型、灰色组合模型和灰色控制几个方面介绍了灰色系统理论2004—2014年的研究进展及部分应用成果。梳理了基于"核"和灰度的灰数运算法则、一般灰数的概念、灰度合成公理及缓冲算子的一般形式,总结了4种GM(1,1)基本模型,即均值GM(1,1)模型(EGM)、离散GM(1,1)模型(DGM)、均值差分GM(1,1)模型(EDGM)、原始差分GM(1,1)模型(ODGM),及其适用的序列类型。介绍了灰色相似关联度、灰色接近关联度、三维灰色绝对关联度,以及基于中心点和端点混合三角白化权函数的灰色聚类评估模型、多目标加权智能灰靶决策模型、两阶段综合测度决策模型、灰色博弈模型、灰色投入产出模型,并且阐述了分布型、中立型和中立-分布型灰色随机时滞系统的指数鲁棒稳定性等新概念、新模型、新方法。同时提出了有待进一步研究解决的问题。     

民用飞机延程运行飞行试验技术与研究

概述了民用飞机延程运行(Extended Operations,以下简称ETOPS)的定义、适航条款、商业需求、历史,分析了双发飞机的ETOPS型号设计批准的不同取证方法(早期的ETOPS方法、服役经历法、服役经历法和早期的ETOPS方法相结合),并设置了ETOPS飞行试验的验证工作及其单发失效、座舱释压、辅助动力装置(Auxiliary Power Unit,以下简称APU)冷浸透等失效场景。为了使民用飞机可以尽快取得ETOPS批准,应结合现有的适航条款、试飞技术和方法对试飞过程进行不断优化,在同一架次上进行相似的两个模拟失效场景的飞行试验认证可以大大地节省时间和油耗。     

基于自适应多设计融合航天器近距离操作的执行器故障补偿技术研究

针对带有执行器故障的航天器近距离操作系统,提出了基于多设计融合的自适应故障补偿方法,实现在发生执行器卡死故障情况下,对目标航天器的位置和姿态的跟踪。提出的故障补偿方法无需故障检测,针对每种可能的故障模式设计控制器组成多控制器集合,并有效地将它们融合后构建最终反馈控制器。仿真结果表明了该故障补偿策略的有效性,能够保证追踪航天器系统的稳定性和期望的跟踪性能。     

美国跨域作战体系研究

介绍了美国海军协同作战系统、空军先进作战管理系统等跨域作战理念,深入剖析了美军跨域作战体系的历史背景、武器构成、异构信息火力一体的体系,得出互操作平台在跨域作战的重要性.最后,总结了跨域协同体系发展理念和对我军相关系统建设的启示.     

航空公司联盟合作伙伴评估与选择研究

组建航空联盟已成为世界潮流,联盟是航空公司拓展经营范围、丰富航线资源的主要策略.影响联盟合作效果的关键因素之一在于能否选择出合适的合作伙伴.为解决该问题,确立了伙伴选择评价指标体系,基于DEA方法建立了伙伴选择评估模型,以此作为合作伙伴筛选的初步条件;基于灰色关联分析方法建立了伙伴选择模型,通过综合评价值对潜在伙伴进行排序和选择.整个过程既考虑了潜在合作伙伴自身的运营效率,也考虑了合作双方的协同能力,实例验证了这两个模型的可操作性和有效性.     

基于灰色聚类分析的航空公司财务综合评价

将灰色系统理论的聚类分析方法应用于财务综合评价体系，根据财务综合评价的影响因素，确定了白化权函数，通过对国内外20家航空公司的财务综合评价，证明了该方法的可行性和使用性。     

Launch and Early Operation of the MESSENGER Mission

On August 3, 2004, at 2:15 a.m. EST, the MESSENGER mission to Mercury began with liftoff of the Delta II 7925H launch vehicle and 1,107-kg spacecraft including seven instruments. MESSENGER is the seventh in the series of NASA Discovery missions, the third to be built and operated by The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL) following the Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR) Shoemaker and Comet Nucleus Tour (CONTOUR) missions. The MESSENGER team at JHU/APL is using efficient operations approaches developed in support of the low-cost NEAR and CONTOUR operations while incorporating improved approaches for reducing total mission risk. This paper provides an overview of the designs and operational practices implemented to conduct the MESSENGER mission safely and effectively. These practices include proven approaches used on past JHU/APL operations and new improvements implemented to reduce risk, including adherence to time-proven standards of conduct in the planning and implementation of the mission. This paper also discusses the unique challenges of operating in orbit around Mercury, the closest planet to the Sun, and what specific measures are being taken to address those challenges.     

Reducing mission operations costs through spacecraft autonomy: the near earth asteroid rendezvous (near) experience

With a maximum time of 12 days out of ground contact and a round-trip light time as high as 56 minutes, The Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR) spacecraft requires a moderate degree of onboard autonomy to react to faults and safe the spacecraft. Beyond the basic safing requirements, additional functions are carried out onboard. For example, on-board calculation of the Sun, Earth, asteroid, and spacecraft positions allow the spacecraft to autonomously orient itself for science and downlink operations. On-board autonomous momentum management during cruise relieves Mission Operations from planning, scheduling, and carrying out many manual momentum dumps. During development, additional operations, such as center-of-mass management during propulsive maneuvers and optical navigation were also considered for onboard autonomy on the NEAR spacecraft, but were not selected. The allocation of functions to onboard software or to ground operations involved tradeoffs such as development time for onboard software versus ground software, resource management, life cycle costs, and spacecraft safety.After two years of cruise operations, considerable experience with the NEAR autonomy system has accrued. The utility of some autonomous capabilities is greater than expected, others less so. Software uploads increased spacecraft autonomy in some cases, and the impact on Mission Operations can be assessed. Allocation of functions between spacecraft autonomy and ground operation during development of future missions can be improved by applying the lessons learned from the NEAR experience.     

航空公司市场竞争定价博弈模型

利用产品差异化理论和博弈理论，在传统的豪泰林定价模型基础上，建立了航空公司市场竞争定价博弈模型，分析了旅客类型以及航空公司需求情况，证明了在旅客对价格极其敏感的情况下，这种博弈不存在纯战略均衡。     

飞机战伤抢修评估与设计方法综述

飞机战伤抢修（ABDR）是提高飞机生存力与作战能力的重要手段之一，开展战伤抢修技术研究覆盖飞机全寿命阶段。回顾了战伤抢修研究的历史和现状，分别从战伤评估、战伤抢修设计、战场维修与保障等3方面总结了战伤抢修体系要点，重点综述了战伤抢修预评估技术、战伤现场评估技术、战伤抢修设计准则与原则、战伤抢修设计与评价方法、战场快速维修技术、战场保障方法等方面的理论与研究进展。在此基础上，针对未来体系对抗与智能化作战环境，结合目前战伤抢修需求，提出了包括先进材料结构飞机战伤抢修技术、直升机战伤抢修技术、飞机战伤评估智能技术等战伤抢修技术研究需要关注和解决的问题。