VLBI for better gravimetry in SELENE

The Japanese lunar explorer SELENE (SElenological and Engineering Explorer), to be launched in 2007, will for the first time utilize VLBI observations in lunar gravimetry investigations. This will particularly improve the accuracy to which the low degree gravitational harmonics and the gravity field near the limb can be measured, and when combined with Doppler measurements will enable three-dimensional information to be extracted. Differential VLBI Radio sources called VRAD experiment involves two on-board sub-satellites, Rstar and Vstar. These will be observed using differential VLBI to measure the trajectories of the satellites with the Japanese network named VERA (VLBI Exploration of Radio Astrometry) and an international VLBI network.     

重力场测量卫星应用电推进技术

全球重力场的精确测量对于地球物理学、卫星定轨等均有至关重要的意义。对于全球重力场测量卫星而言,其姿态和轨道的保持精度直接影响着全球重力场测量的精度。从重力场测量卫星要求出发,对卫星参数进行了假设,对重力场测量卫星采用离子推进技术的适用性进行了分析。     

模块化开放式航空电子系统架构标准研究

国外对开放式系统架构（OSA）概念的探索至今已有40 多年。美国国防部模块化开放式系统方法 （MOSA）正是建立在OSA 概念之上，综合了采办和工程方法，来实现低成本、优化和快速能力升级的武器 系统灵活开发。本文将集中讨论MOSA 构建方法及其开放式架构的最佳实践，包括开放式任务系统、未来机 载能力环境和传感器开放式系统架构。最后，本文讨论了MOSA 在开放式架构上开展的工作及其挑战，以期 对我国在航空电子OSA 标准研究和实践上有所裨益。     

Velocity distribution of elliptical galaxies in the framework of Non-local Gravity model

We investigate the velocity distribution of elliptical galaxies in the framework of Non-local Gravity. According to this approach, it is possible to recover the fundamental plane of elliptical galaxies without the dark matter hypothesis. Specifically, we compare theoretical predictions for circular velocity in Non-local Gravity context with the corresponding values coming from a large sample of observed elliptical galaxies. We adopt the surface brightness, effective radius and velocity dispersion as structural parameters for the fundamental plane. As final result, it is possible to show that non-local gravity effects can reproduce the stellar dynamics in elliptical galaxies and fit consistently observational data.     

机器人动态受力感知及零重力运动模拟技术

针对航天器在轨服务任务的地面零重力模拟需求，研究基于工业机器人的零重力运动模拟技术。建立基于BP神经网络的受力感知预测模型，该模型采用机器人末端姿态、加速度、角速度和角加速度作为输入层参数，采用机器人末端六维力传感器数据作为输出层参数，实现了对机器人末端负载的高精度动态受力感知。设计正交试验方法确定机器人的运动路径点进行样本数据采集，实现了受力感知预测模型对机器人全工作空间的覆盖。进一步，基于对机器人末端负载的受力感知数据，应用动力学理论计算负载在失重状态下的运动速度，并控制机器人执行相应的运动，实现了对机器人末端负载的零重力运动模拟。     

基于多DSP的机载SAR距离徙动校正实现方法

针对机载合成孔径雷达(SAR)数据量大、运算复杂、实时性能要求高等问题，提出了一种基于多片多核DSP并行的方式实现机载SAR距离徙动校正的方法。重点介绍实现过程中的片间及片内并行和同步处理、数据交互、数据分配，距离徙动校正的距离向脉冲压缩和惯导补偿，以及多普勒中心估计实现的具体步骤，利用点仿真和实测数据验证了该方法的有效性，并提出优化模块，进一步提高运算的实时性。     

Finite time non-singular sliding mode control for spinning tether system with prescribed performance under artificial gravity mission

In this paper, the spinning tether system (STS) is applied to produce the artificial gravity overload with a proposed spin-up scheme in elliptical transfer orbits. To improve the comfort of the astronauts during spinning, the combined control scheme with tension and thrust is designed for spin-up. Then, based on the novel performance function and sliding mode technology, a finite time prescribed performance controller is proposed to track angular velocity for the desired artificial gravity overload. Compared with the existing works, the tracking error is controlled within the preset transient performance and converged to the origin within finite time even in the presence of unknown external disturbance. The stability of closed-loop tracking system is proved by Lyapunov theorem. Finally, the numerical simulations are given to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed controllers in the artificial gravity mission.     

基于 FACE 思想的软件通用运行环境设计

未来机载能力环境（FACE）思想由美国军方、工业界和学术界共同发起,它针对机载航空电子软件系统提出了一种新的业务模型和参考架构。通过制定参考架构核心元素间的接口标准以及定义基于共识的通用数据模型可以为软件模块的跨平台重用提供便利。本文通过分析 FACE 参考架构的核心思想,结合实现层面的具体考虑,提出了软件通用运行环境的设计方案,旨在硬件计算平台上进一步搭建一个软件计算平台,使得应用软件模块在能够正常运行的基础上尽可能地实现“一次开发,多次应用”。     

An improved altimeter-derived gravity anomaly from shipborne gravity based on the mean sea surface height constraint factors method

Coastal marine gravity modeling faces challenges due to the degradation of the quality and poor coverage of altimeter data in coastal regions. The effective fusion of shipborne gravity data and altimeter-derived marine gravity data can make shipborne gravity data more useful for the accurate estimation of altimeter-derived coastal marine gravity. A mean sea surface height constraint factor (MSSHCF) method based on the ordinary kriging method and the remove-restore technique is proposed to fuse altimeter-derived gravity model with shipborne gravity data. In this method, all data are standardized during the interpolation process to reduce the error and mean sea surface as a vertical variable is added to the semi-variance function in ordinary kriging to obtain the residual shipborne gravity as corrected data source. The coastal marine gravity models V2.1 and V3.1 which fused altimeter-derived gravity data with shipborne gravity data and V1.1 without shipborne gravity data at a spatial resolution of 1′×1′ can be obtained. Validation experiments show that the accuracy of the gravity model V3.1 obtained by the MSSHCF method more closely agrees with the validated gravity model DTU17 and SS V31 than the model V2.1 obtained by the ordinary kriging interpolation method and the V1.1 model. Our results were validated against shipborne gravity data; the accuracy of model V3.1 was 4.95 % higher than the model V1.1 in South China Sea area A and 2.48 % higher in South China Sea area B. Meanwhile, the accuracy of model V3.1 was 2.07 % higher than model V2.1 in South China Sea area A and 2.42 % higher in South China Sea area B. The effects of distance from the coast and sea depth on the marine gravity model were also evaluated. The results show that the gravity model V3.1 has higher accuracy with the change in ocean distance and depth than the V2.1 and V1.1 gravity models. Thus, our study shows that the MSSHCF method effectively refines coastal altimeter-derived gravity using shipborne gravity data.     

Autonomous navigation for lunar final approach based on gravity gradient measurements

Lunar final approach navigation is critical for pin-point lunar landing in future missions. This study investigates the use of lunar gravity gradient measurements for autonomous navigation of a lunar probe during the final approach phase. As the spacecraft approaches the Moon, the strength of gravity gradient signals improves. A spaceborne gravity gradiometer can precisely measure local gravity gradients, and the latest lunar gravity model GL1500E is used to provide reference values. The employed truncation degree and order of the gravity model are increased stepwise considering the decreasing altitude of the spacecraft in order to reach a compromise between computational costs and model accuracy. An iterative Kalman filter is developed for coupled orbit and attitude estimation using gravity gradient measurements and attitude quaternions obtained from star sensors. A simulated spacecraft with a gradiometer noise level of 0.01 E is considered. Simulation results show that the spacecraft’s position converges rapidly and achieves an accuracy of less than 100 m at the last epoch.