基于时空显著性建模的空中飞行器跟踪方法

以复杂背景下空中飞行器的鲁棒视觉跟踪问题为研究背景，为解决现有跟踪方法目标表征模型不够精确，算法鲁棒性严重受到目标形变、宽高比变化、复杂背景等因素干扰的问题，提出了建模跟踪场景中独立物体的显著性特性，用于构建精确的目标模型。提出的显著性估计方法有别于传统的单帧检测方法，利用跟踪算法提供的背景先验知识以及多帧图像观测数据，使用时空联合的方式进行建模估计，其结果用来指导目标跟踪算法选取有效视觉特征，建立精确目标表征模型，减小背景区域对算法模型的干扰。实验表明，提出的方法为上述难点问题提供了有效的解决方案，对空中飞行器的跟踪精度与鲁棒性优于大多数最先进的主流方法，在其他类型的目标跟踪任务中也有十分优越的性能表现。     

基于连接点的机载双天线InSAR系统相位偏置估计算法

针对在茂密森林或沙漠地区部署地面控制点(GCP)对其进行测量非常困难的问题,提出了一种基于连接点的机载双天线InSAR系统相位偏置估计新算法。基于InSAR原理建立地面高程反演的几何表达式,并根据重叠区域里的连接点高程在两次干涉测高过程中不变的特性建立相位偏置间的线性关系,在用最小二乘法求解相位偏置时,通过对不同的连接点进行加权,使估计出的相位偏置更加准确。对X波段机载双天线InSAR系统获得的实际数据进行处理,结果表明:与传统的算法相比,该算法无需GCP,具有更低的成本和更高的效率,且产生的数字高程模型(DEM)具有相似的精度。     

低速空降风洞试验的关键技术

低速空降风洞试验的一个重要目的是研究伞降人员在离机初期的运动姿态和空间轨迹，考察伞降人员的离机安全性。从不带伞空降风洞试验出发，分析归纳单次出舱和连续出舱空降风洞试验中的一些关键技术，包括试验方法的选取、相似参数的确定、空降模型的设计加工和调整技术、载机支撑方式和支撑干扰的影响、空降模型出舱姿态的控制、空降轨迹捕获和分析技术等。进而初步探讨带伞空降风洞试验的一些特有问题，旨在为进一步发展低速空降风洞模拟试验技术提供支持。     

重力和重力梯度基准图构建的多参量联合网格化

高精度、高分辨率的重力及重力梯度基准图是决定潜艇水下辅助导航定位精度的关键因素。我国海洋重力测量目前的主要比例尺为1:1000000，在局部区域可达1:500000，测线间隔分布相对稀疏。传统的网格化插值技术在远离测点位置时容易产生虚假异常，或异常特征发生偏移。构建了全张量重力梯度数据的6个梯度分量的联合网格化方法,利用各个梯度分量与引力位在波数域中的关系重构了引力位，实现了重力和重力梯度数据的再计算，从而实现了网格处理。通过模型数据和实测数据，验证了该方法在插值异常分辨率和位置准确性上具有优势。     

一种新型的航空重力梯度测量数据调平方法

航空重力梯度测量的原始数据包含与测线方向呈强相关性的条带状噪声，该噪声会影响后续数据处理与解释的精度。首先，提出了一种针对重力梯度数据组合调平的方法，旨在去除条带状噪声的干扰。与低通滤波相比，组合调平可以保留更多的异常场细节。与传统的切割线调平相比，组合调平对切割线的依赖更小，可以适用于切割线稀疏的测量地区。最后，以加拿大Diavik地区的实测航空重力梯度数据为例，验证了组合调平方法的应用效果。     

Autonomous orbit determination using epoch-differenced gravity gradients and starlight refraction

Autonomous orbit determination via integration of epoch-differenced gravity gradients and starlight refraction is proposed in this paper for low-Earth-orbiting satellites operating in GPS-denied environments.Starlight refraction compensates for the significant along-track position error that occurs from only using gravity gradients and benefits from integration in terms of improved accuracy in radial and cross-track position estimates.The between-epoch differencing of gravity gradients is employed to eliminate slowly varying measurement biases and noise near the orbit revolution frequency.The refraction angle measurements are directly used and its Jacobian matrix derived from an implicit observation equation.An information fusion filter based on a sequential extended Kalman filter is developed for the orbit determination.Truth-model simulations are used to test the performance of the algorithm,and the effects of differencing intervals and orbital heights are analyzed.A semi-simulation study using actual gravity gradient data from the Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) combined with simulated starlight refraction measurements is further conducted,and a three-dimensional position accuracy of better than 100 m is achieved.     

A review on the upper atmospheric sodium observations from India: Insights

This review article briefly brings out the historical development of atmospheric sodium (Na) measurements over India and the importance of coordinated measurements with multiple techniques to address physical processes in the Earth's upper atmosphere. These measurements were initiated in the early 1970s by observing Na airglow emission intensities with broad band airglow photometer from Mt. Abu, a low-latitude hill station in India. Considerable amount of night-to-night variations in nocturnal emission intensities of the Na airglow were observed. Later, investigations regarding the dependence with the magnetic activities from the equatorial and low latitudes were carried out and double-humped structures in the nocturnal variation of intensities were reported. With the advent of Na lidar at Gadanki around 2005, the measurements of atmospheric neutral Na atom concentration became possible and more frequent occurrences of sporadic Na layers over the magnetic low latitude station compared to other latitudes were detected indicating the role played by electrodynamics. Later, a possible relationship between E-region field aligned plasma irregularities and the concentration of neutral Na atoms was investigated using coordinated measurements of VHF radar and Na lidar. Further, simultaneous measurements with Na lidar and a narrow band airglow photometer with narrow field of view brought out the importance of coordinated observation wherein the characterization of gravity waves could be carried out and also revealed the importance of collisional quenching due to ambient molecules in the Na airglow emission processes. In addition, combining the ground based measurements of Na lidar and meteor wind radar along with satellite measurements made possible to hypothesize the over-turning Kelvin–Helmholtz billow in the Na layer manifests “C-type” or inverted lambda shape structures in the height-time-concentration map of neutral Na atoms. This review paper presents a synoptic view mostly based on the previously reported observations of Na airglow emission, Na lidar and coordinated Na airglow and Na lidar observations from the Indian sector and highlights the importance of simultaneous measurements of mesospheric Na and its emissions along with satellite-borne measurements to address interesting geophysical processes in the Earth's upper atmosphere.     

Gravity wave mixing effects on the OH*-layer

Based on an advanced numerical model for excited hydroxyl (OH*) we simulate the effects of gravity waves (GWs) on the OH*-layer in the upper mesosphere. The OH* model takes into account (1) production by the reaction of atomic hydrogen (H) with ozone (O₃), (2) deactivation by atomic oxygen (O), molecular oxygen (O₂), and molecular nitrogen (N₂), (3) spontaneous emission, and (4) loss due to chemical reaction with O. This OH* model is part of a chemistry-transport model (CTM) which is driven by the high-resolution dynamics from the KMCM (Kühlungsborn Mechanistic general Circulation Model) which simulates mid-frequency GWs and their effects on the mean flow in the MLT explicitly. We find that the maximum number density and the height of the OH*-layer peak are strongly determined by the distribution of atomic oxygen and by the temperature. As a results, there are two ways how GWs influence the OH*-layer: (1) through the instantaneous modulation by O and T on short time scales (a few hours), and (2) through vertical mixing of O (days to weeks). The instantaneous variations of the OH*-layer peak altitude due to GWs amount to 5–10 km. Such variations would introduce significant biases in the GW parameters derived from airglow when assuming a constant pressure level of the emission height. Performing a sensitivity experiment we find that on average, the vertical mixing by GWs moves the OH*-layer down by ~2 to 7 km and increases its number density by more than 50%. This effect is strongest at middle and high latitudes during winter where secondary GWs generated in the stratopause region account for large GW amplitudes.     

航空发动机机载压力测试设备自动校准系统设计

介绍了航空发动机机载压力测试设备的自动校准系统设计。该系统可实现机载压力测量设备的全自动现场校准,已成功应用于某型发动机机载压力测试设备的自动校准工作中。在0～7 MPa(表压、绝压)下进行测试、校准,准确度可达0.01%FS。     

弹簧在下肢外骨骼重心调整中的应用

通过对外骨骼在一个步态周期中重心变化的分析,提出髋关节使用螺旋弹簧结构设计来调整重心高度的方法,使负荷重心在行走过程中维持一个水平高度,减少额外的能量消耗。通过外骨骼的受力分析和等升角圆锥螺旋弹簧疏圈理论,提出一种弹簧选取的设计计算方法,计算的结果说明设计的可行性和方法的正确性。