基于误差反馈补偿的攻击无人机角度和时间控制

在攻击无人机群协同攻击中,为了提高机群的整体突防能力,达到最佳的攻击和作战效能,有必要同时控制无人机的攻击角度和攻击时间。首先利用最优控制理论,在对飞行运动学模型进行线性化的前提下,通过加速度微分来实现对角度和时间的同时控制。但是,当终端入射角较大时,由于线性化假设不再成立,使得控制精度比较差。针对这一问题,利用具有高反馈效率的非线性误差反馈,把由于线性化引起的误差通过补偿反馈到系统回路中去,从而大幅度提高了控制精度。数值仿真结果验证了方法的有效性。     

机载情报侦察数据链中的空地链路建模与仿真

针对机载情报侦察链中空地通信链路的特点,建立了统一的信道模型。模型包括大尺度衰落模型和基于三径信道模型的小尺度衰落模型。在给出了信道衰落模型的具体仿真方法后,分析了飞机飞行距离、工作频率及径向飞行速度等参数对信道特性产生的影响,为进行链路预算和解决多径干扰提供理论上的依据和参考。结果表明：不管信息传输速率多大,由于多径的影响在飞机飞行过程中频率选择性衰落都是不可避免的,但信息传输速率越高,衰落越严重;多普勒频移并不直接影响信道特性,但多径信道下的多普勒频移通过引起多普勒扩展而使信道具有了时变性。     

农村资金互助社可持续发展的内外协同治理机制——一个理论分析框架

目前,各类形式的互助社已逾万家,但大部分陷入了融资不畅、风险失控、效率低下等发展困境。从组织发展的视角来讲,一个组织要取得成功,良好的内部治理结构是根本保证,适宜的外部治理环境是必要条件,内外协同治理才是可持续发展之路。基于此,对困扰互助社可持续发展的融资障碍、风险控制、效率提升等关键问题,展开深入的理论分析。     

具有通信约束的分布式SOR多智能体轨迹估计算法

针对传统多智能体轨迹估计算法信息交换量大，计算量随群规模指数增长，可扩展性差等诸多不足，提出了一种基于超松弛迭代（SOR）的分布式多智能体轨迹估计算法，通过将最大似然（ML）准则下的轨迹估计转化为两级线性优化问题，并综合利用分布式超松弛迭代（Distributed SOR）和标记初始化方法，加快求解速度并简化信息交换流程，最终实现了多智能体位姿轨迹优化和协作定位。实验表明，所提的分布式方法能达到集中式算法的精度水平，在49个智能体规模条件下，位置估计误差小于0.15 m，姿态估计误差小于0.03°，且数据交换量仅到现有主流分布式方法DDF-SAM的0.06%，能很好用于大规模集群的场景。     

Path visualization: a method for objective measurement of spatial visualization

ABSTRACT

The ability to mentally represent spatial information is a fundamental cognitive process. To many people, this process feels a bit like visual perception, hence the term ‘spatial visualization’. In this paper, we describe a method for measuring the accuracy of spatial visualization, specifically visualization of a complex path in imaginary space. A critical feature of this method (called Path Visualization) is that it relies on the detection of intersections in a visualized path. Intersection detection is an inherently spatial task that requires a spatial representation. In this paper, we show how the Path Visualization method works, and how it can be customized to address several key research issues in human spatial cognition.     

航天器双主动交会策略研究

从理论上分析了共面近地圆轨道上的航天器的远程双主动交会的问题.根据轨道动力学基本原理,导出各种情况下特征速度的解析解,为航天器变轨时的燃料消耗分析提供了依据.进一步探讨了航天器轨道转移过程中的时间策略,以保证在不同轨道上运行的航天器在同一时刻、同一空间位置交会.上述理论分析的仿真计算结果表明,双主动交会总特征速度和过程耗时都低于主被动交会情形,单星的燃料消耗大大降低,对大范围快速变轨,优势更加明显.     

Verb Semantics Affects the Interpretation of Spatial Prepositions

Abstract

Spatial prepositions, more specifically projective prepositions, such as in front of or behind can be interpreted in different ways. Their interpretation depends on the spatial perspective taken as the basis for determining the reference frame's orientation. In 3 series of placement experiments with German speakers, we examined whether the interpretation of projective prepositions in a motion context is affected by the verb used in a spatial instruction. Results suggest that verb semantics is a factor accounting for previously observed seemingly social-situational differences in the interpretation of projective prepositions. Specifically, the findings indicate that, relative to a car as reference object, the semantic aspect of motion interruption associated with some verbs leads to a higher proportion of deictic interpretations determined by the direction from which one is approaching the car. This verb effect on the interpretation of spatial prepositions can be explained by an activation of the temporal dimension through stop-implying verbs, which is integrated into the spatial situation model of the perceived dynamic scene making the deictic frame of reference more compatible. The experimental evidence also shows that verb semantics can account for previously unexplained cross-linguistic differences, and is related to patterns concerning the prepositional inventory of languages.     

Why do speakers mix perspectives?

Although considerations of discourse coherence and cognitive processing suggest that communicators should adopt consistent perspectives when describing spatial scenes, in many cases they switch perspectives. Ongoing research examining cognitive costs indicates that these are small and exacted in establishing a mental model of a scene but not in retrieving information from a well-known scene. A perspective entails a point of view, a referent object, and terms of reference. These may change within a perspective, exacting cognitive costs, so that the costs of switching perspective may not be greater than the costs of maintaining the same perspective. Another project investigating perspective choice for self and other demonstrates effects of salience of referent object and ease of terms of reference. Perspective is mixed not just in verbal communications but also in pictorial ones, suggesting that at times, switching perspective is more effective than maintaining a consistent one.     

多高超声速飞行器静态协同再入制导方法

为实现多高超声速飞行器的协同再入，提出一种基于参考轨迹的静态协同再入制导方法。首先以实际轨迹长度代替大圆弧假设，研究了实际轨迹长度与总飞行时间的对应关系，提出采用公共轨迹长度作为协调变量的思路；然后设计了一种双层协同框架，其中协调层将轨迹长度作为协调参数进行协调匹配，执行层依据分配的协调参数完成再入飞行；最后针对协同再入的时间一致性要求，提出一种新的协同逻辑转换策略，将终端时间的一致性问题转化为到达截止时间的状态收敛问题。该方法在能量域内进行公共参考轨迹设计，之后通过时域信息提取在时域内完成公共参考轨迹跟踪，最终实现多成员的协同再入。分别在标称状态与模拟扰动环境对所提方法进行了数值仿真，结果表明，所提方法能够简明实现多飞行器的再入协同制导，具有较好的应用潜力。     

基于分布式模型预测控制的多UAV协同区域搜索

针对多无人机(UAV)协同区域搜索问题展开研究。提出了一种基于分布式模型预测控制(DMPC)的多UAV分布式优化搜索方法。首先基于传统的搜索图模型,建立了多UAV协同搜索的问题描述和状态空间模型,然后在DMPC框架下,将集中式多UAV在线优化决策问题转化为各架UAV的小规模分布式优化问题,采用基于纳什最优和粒子群优化(PSO)相结合的算法实现对每个子系统优化问题的迭代求解。仿真结果表明:DMPC方法能够有效地降低多UAV协同搜索决策问题的求解规模,是一种可行的方法。