加油机加油过程视频监控需求分析

通过对一般加油过程的分析,提出了空中加油机加油过程视频监控需求。将加油过程分为会合、编队、对接、解散四个部分对监控区域进行讨论,并对监控区域进行整理及优化,从功能、分辨率及显示等方面进行分析,给出适应性的视频监控需求,为机外摄像头布局,摄像头和显示器选型,机外照明布置提供有效支持。     

绕圆头回转体通气空化流型的实验研究

为了深入了解通气空化流动现象,利用高速全流场显示技术,对绕圆头回转体通气空化流型进行实验研究。结果表明,重力效应和通气量对通气空化的多相流流型起主要作用。定义了弗洛德数和通气率两个无量纲数,将绕圆头回转体通气空化分为5种多相流流型,即透明空泡、透明气弹、透明分层、水气混合以及半透明水气混合。流动参数对流型的影响分为2个阶段,即重力起主要作用阶段和重力效应不明显阶段。在重力起主要作用阶段,通气率一定时,随着弗洛德数的增大,附着弹体的空泡倾斜程度变小,弹体上表面的断裂空泡转变为贴着弹体壁面的稳定空泡;弗洛德数一定时,随着通气率的增大弹体上表面断裂空泡的尺度不断增大。在重力效应不明显阶段,通气率一定时,随着弗洛德数的增大,雷诺数变大,流场的湍流强度增大,空泡尾流区域水气交换的程度加剧;弗洛德数一定时,随着通气率的增大,通气空化数减小,绕弹体的云雾状空泡逐渐转变为透明空泡。最后,进一步分析了重力影响下透明空泡脱落的非定常过程,以及反向射流作用下云雾状空泡交替脱落的非定常过程。     

空乘专业大学生的人格特征与职业素质分析

采用16PF和UPI量表对176名空乘专业大学生进行测评,发现有中度以上心理障碍的人数占8．40％;焦虑值偏高的人数占20．45％;适应性和成长性偏低的人数占33．50％。该群体的职业素质不能适应现代民航空服职业发展的要求。其主要问题是：缺乏认真负责的精神、意志水平不高、对社会信任不足、感情用事、自律不足、依赖性强、缺乏独立工作和应变能力。对该专业大学生加强责任意识、培养合作精神、树立人生目标的职业素质教育显得尤为重要。     

Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulation of EB-PVD Film:Effects of Substrate Temperature

The 2D kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulation was used to study the effects of different substrate temperatures on the microstruc-ture of Ni-Cr films in the process of deposition by the electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD). In the KMC model, substrate was assumed to be a “surface” of tight-packed rows, and the simulation includes two phenomena: adatom-surface collision and adatom diffusion. While the interaction between atoms was described by the embedded atom method, the jumping energy was calculated by the molecular static (MS) calculation. The initial location of the adatom was defined by the Momentum Scheme. The results reveal that there exists a critical substrate temperature which means that the lowest packing density and the highest surface roughness structure will be achieved when the temperature is lower than the smaller critical value, while the roughness of both surfaces and the void contents keep decreasing with the substrate temperature increasing until it reaches the higher critical value. The results also indicate that the critical substrate temperature rises as the deposition rate increases.     

The role of AVDR in linear cascade testing

Linear cascade testing plays an important role in the research and development of turbomachinery and is widely used over the world.The ideal cascade model of a turbomachinery blade row is two-dimensional.In actual linear cascade testing, the flow through the test section converges due to the development of the boundary layer and secondary flow along the sidewall surfaces of the test section.Axial velocity density ratio(AVDR) is adopted to account for the deviation of the tested cascade flow from the ideal 2D model.Among numerous published cascade works, the influence of AVDR on cascade performance is seen to be complicated with many affecting factors, such as those related to cascade/blade geometry and flow conditions.Also, controlling AVDR is limited by the facility capability.Furthermore, real blade-to-blade flow in turbomachines is usually associated with AVDR greater than unity due to limited span of blades between the hub and shroud such that cascade testing without reducing AVDR could be favored sometimes.All these facets add complexity and diversification to the matter.The current paper reviews previous studies and results on AVDR.Consolidated understanding on the role of AVDR and recommendations on how to deal with it in linear cascade testing are provided.      

21世纪中国的农业专用飞机

从中国的国情入笔，论速了农业航空在发展国民经济中的重要作用；农业航空采用农业专用飞机是必然趋势；指出农业航空滑坡问题亟待解决。     

某型飞机空中受油管自动开锁故障分析

针对某型飞机空中受油管在收上位置钢珠锁自动开锁故障,对空中受油管液压收放系统、电路控制系统、收上位置钢珠锁工作原理进行分析,比对钢珠锁开锁压力理论计算和收放系统回油压力测试试验结果,找出空中受油管收上位置钢珠锁自动开锁原因,提出改进建议。     

基于IPSO-Elman神经网络的飞机客舱能耗预测

为了提高飞机客舱使用地面空调制冷时客舱能耗的预测精度,提出了一种改进的粒子群优化（IPSO）Elman神经网络的飞机客舱能耗预测模型。依据对算法中惯性权重与学习因子的收敛域分析,得出了二者合理的取值范围,将粒子到全局最优位置间距离与参数的取值范围相结合,构造了惯性权重与学习因子的动态调节函数,对其进行非线性的动态调节,并引入了变异因子,提出了一种跳出局部最优的策略,防止粒子群优化（PSO）陷入局部最优。将IPSO-Elman应用于Boeing738飞机客舱能耗预测中,与PSO-Elman、Elman算法进行性能比较,仿真结果表明基于IPSO-Elman的客舱能耗预测模型在预测精度和收敛速度方面均有一定的提升。该研究结果为飞机客舱能耗预测模型的建立提供了理论依据,对飞机地面空调的节能与机场电能合理调配提供了支持。     

Experimental investigations of the spray structure and interactions between sectors of a double-swirl low-emission combustor

In this paper, the spray characteristics of a double-swirl low-emission combustor are analyzed by using Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV) and Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) technologies in an optical three-sector combustor test rig. Interactions between sectors and the influence of main stage swirl intensity on spray structure are explained. The results illustrate that the swirl intensity has great effect on the flow field and spray structure. The spray cone angle is bigger when the swirl number is 0.7, 0.9 than that when the swirl number is 0.5. The fuel distribution zone is larger and the distribution is more uniform when the swirl number is 0.5. The fuel concentration in the center area of the center plane of side sector (Plane 5) is larger than that of the center plane of middle sector (Plane 1). The spray cone angle in Plane 5 is larger than that in Plane 1. The width of spray cone becomes larger with the increase of Fuel–Air Ratio (FAR), whereas the spray cone angle under different fuel–air ratios are absolutely the same. The results of the mechanism of spray organization in this study can be used to support the design of new low-emission combustor.     

一种用于电子薄膜导热系数和发射率测量的实验方案

薄膜传热性能对微电子设备的传热能力及其性能和可靠性有重大影响,测量薄膜的热物性参数并进一步研究其影响因素,可为微电子电路的设计和发展提供科学依据。评述了薄膜导热系数测量和研究的现状,在此基础上提出了一种新的能同时测量衬底薄膜导热系数和发射率的实验方案,并通过建立衬底薄膜试样传热的数学模型和分析推导,论证了该实验方案的可行性。本实验方案可推广应用于确定淀积在衬底薄膜上各种极小厚度薄膜的导热系数和发射率。