先进的热防护方法及在飞行器的应用前景初探

随着航天技术的发展,飞行器的热环境面临着新的变化,对热防护提出了挑战。对各类主动热防护方式的原理、研究进展和应用现状进行了归纳总结。结合飞行器未来发展,提出了适应于未来应用的基于相变工质的对流冷却、自适应膜相变冷却和发汗冷却的系统性主动热防护方式。并以此为基础,提出了结合被动、半被动和主动热防护的飞行器全时域综合热管理思路。     

浅论建筑能耗构成之建筑含能

首先由建筑含能的概念出发,从建筑构件的角度分析了建筑含能的构成、计算方法以及影响因素,简要探讨了减少建筑台能的可能途径;其次分别以一座钢筋混凝土建筑与一座木结构建筑为例,基于LCA（生命周期评价）的计算结果分析了它们的含能,并将其与各自运行能耗进行了比较。通过分析认为控制建筑含能是建筑节能设计的有效途径之一。     

激光驱动飞片速度的理论分析

激光驱动飞片技术是模拟微流星体/空间碎片对航天器外露材料/部件超高速撞击,用于开展撞击累积损伤效应与材料性能退化的研究,也是进行航天器在轨寿命预估和空间碎片防护研究的重要技术手段。飞片速度是衡量激光驱动飞片技术水平的关键性参数之一。文章从Lawrence改进的Gurney模型出发,着重分析了激光输出能量、脉宽、聚焦光斑大小以及飞片靶厚度等参数与飞片速度大小的关系,提出激光驱动飞片技术中提高飞片速度的主要途径:其他条件一定时,薄靶较厚靶更易获取高速飞片;小光斑较大光斑更易获取高速飞片;长脉宽高能激光器或短脉宽低能激光器比较适合获取高速飞片。以上结论对从试验上获取高速飞片具有重要指导意义。     

实现快速轨道大机动的混合制导策略研究

主要研究了在有限推力情况下远程快速轨道交会的制导控制问题,提出了采用速度增益制导结合E制导的混合轨控方案实现两冲量轨道精确交会。通过仿真验证,各方向制导位置控制精度在100 m量级,各方向速度控制精度在m/s量级,2种制导方法能很好地实现交班转换。该方法工程可实现性好,可满足远程快速轨道交会制导要求。     

基于MBD的飞机装配工装协同变更方法

装配工装在飞机产品生产过程中处于飞机设计的下游,受到飞机装配件设计及其装配工艺的影响以及飞机生产准备周期限制,时间紧迫,任务繁重。传统的飞机装配工装以文本、二维图形式表达为主,信息是静态的,缺乏唯一的数据源易导致飞机-装配工装协同变更管理效率低、准确性差,针对以上问题提出一种飞机-装配工装协同变更方法:利用基于模型的定义(Model based definition,MBD),建立了飞机和装配工装MBD模型关系架构,并结合相关的变更传播计算方法实现了飞机设计结构变更对装配工装变更影响的主动、自动化预测和分析。通过一套飞机壁板开口加强框的装配工装变更设计实例验证了该方法的可行性。     

高效相变蓄热装置结构设计及试验研究

文章针对某飞行器舱内大功率设备控温需求,提出了相变蓄热技术解决方案,建立了平板式肋片强化相变蓄热装置物理模型,根据大功率伺服舵机控制器热耗及工作模式等参数条件,采用十八烷为相变吸热材料,设计了一台高效平板式肋片相变蓄热装置,并通过地面试验研究,验证了该装置的控温性能、稳定性及等温性。试验结果表明:所设计的肋片式高效相变蓄热装置,在120 W热源功率下,可以将设备温度控制在50℃以下超过3000 s;榫槽形式的封装结构具有良好的密封性能,相变蓄热装置在多次相变循环后无泄漏;在3000 s测试时间内相变装置内部最大温差为3℃,具有很好的等温性。     

正撞击下双层墙结构防护屏防护性能仿真研究

文章利用AUTODYN软件对铝合金球形弹丸正撞击双层墙防护结构进行了仿真研究,比较了双层墙防护结构中铝合金材料和复合材料防护屏的防护性能。结果表明:在相同的面密度和构型下,双层墙防护结构中铝合金防护屏的防护效果优于复合材料防护屏。     

无人机模拟训练系统中的实时飞行仿真

为了降低无人机的试飞成本,提高操纵手的技能,设计了一种模拟训练系统。介绍了该模拟训练系统的特点和构成,着重对系统中实时飞行仿真的各模块设计方法进行了研究。在DOS操作系统中用C语言实现飞行仿真软件,并讨论了软件实现中的模态切换等关键问题。通过飞行剖面仿真实验,证明该仿真系统可靠性高、实时性好。     

Rio de la Plata estuarine system: Relationship between river flow and frontal variability

This paper deals with the application of SeaWIFS images to characterize spatial and temporal variability of fronts in the Rio de la Plata estuarine system over the period 2000–2003. We aim to depict the relationship between river outflow and variability of fronts’ loci on monthly to ENSO-related timescales and the influence of the winds along Rio de la Plata (axial winds) on the abrupt changes in frontal dynamics over synoptic timescales. During the studied period both La Niña (July 1999–June 2000) and El Niño (April 2002–May 2003) events induced significant displacements of fronts. Three distinct fronts were analyzed between river, estuarine, coastal and marine waters of the Rio de la Plata: Main Turbidity Front, Main Marine Front, and Secondary Marine Front. Their number, location and separation seem to be mainly related to river outflow and second, to fresh (>8 m/s) axial winds. During low discharge periods (i.e. summer time and/or La Niña events) these winds induce abrupt changes in the location of fronts (100–200 km) and greater separation between them over synoptic timescale, whereas during high river discharge or ENSO years some of the variability of fronts location is explained by the river’s outflow fluctuations, especially by the high variability of the River Uruguay discharge.     

Hypothesis-test-based landcover change detection using multi-temporal satellite images – A comparative study

Remote sensing images and technologies have been widely applied to environmental monitoring, in particular landuse/landcover classification and change detection. However, the uncertainties involved in such applications have not been fully addressed. In this paper two hypothesis-test-based change detection methods, namely the bivariate joint distribution method and the conditional distribution method, are proposed to tackle the uncertainties in change detection by making decisions based on the desired level of significance. Both methods require a data set of class-dependent no-change pixels to form the basis for class-dependent hypothesis test. Using an exemplar study area in central Taiwan, performance of the proposed methods are shown to be significantly superior to two other commonly applied methods (the post-classification comparison and the image differencing methods) in terms of the overall change detection accuracies. The conditional distribution method takes into consideration the correlation between digital numbers of the pre- and post-images and the effect of the known pre-image digital number on the range of the post-image digital number, and therefore yields the highest change detection accuracy. It is also demonstrated that the class-dependent change detection is crucial for accurate landuse/landcover change detection.