射手模型优化与辨识及其对图像制导的影响

基于数据链通信的人在回路制导模式额外引入了射手动力学而且存在图像信号延时,含有射手动力学的控制回路会对目标在视场（LOS）中的误差角进行跟踪补偿,从而提升图像制导弹药的制导控制性能。为探究射手动力学和图像信号延时对人在回路制导性能的影响,基于真实的图像导引头模型及参数,设计校正网络以满足导引头稳定回路的性能需求;引入两类射手模型,针对射手模型2,优化模型结构并通过贴近真实环境的辨识实验得到动力学参数,弥补了现有建模的不足。基于射手对不同图像信号延时的适应性,对比研究了两类射手模型与不同图像信号延时对导引头控制系统稳定性、快速性和人在回路比例导引制导精度的影响。仿真结果表明：图像信号延时越长,导引头跟踪速度越低、误差角越大,制导系统的收敛时间越长;优化后的射手模型2及其参数辨识更准确地描述了射手的操作行为,对制导系统的影响较低且满足系统性能要求。     

基于支持向量机的无参考遥感图像质量评价方法

针对遥感图像主观评价方法的低效率以及常用客观评价方法无法充分考虑人眼对图像的感知特性的问题,文章提出了一种基于支持向量机的无参考遥感图像质量（quality）评价方法。首先建立遥感图像主观评价库,然后在不需要图像失真信息的基础上,利用支持向量机（SVM）将图像的失真类型分为三类,并对每类进行单项评价,再通过加权得到遥感图像的总评分,最后将本文方法、信噪比与信息熵的评价结果回归到主观评价空间并进行对比。实验证明,文章所提方法能客观地评价遥感图像的质量,且优于信噪比和信息熵两种质量评价方法,其结果与人眼视觉感受相符。     

基于层次化分类器的遥感图像飞机目标检测

在大量航空航天遥感图像中,快速发现和统计飞机目标并对其进行准确定位,在军事和民用方面均具有重要意义。结合遥感图像特点,针对飞机目标的特征,文章设计了一种基于层次化的分类器的遥感图像飞机目标检测方法。首先用基于哈尔（Haar）特征的底层AdaBoost分类器快速去除大部分非目标区域;然后用基于梯度方向直方图（Histogram of Oriented Gradient,HOG）特征的顶层支持向量机（Support Vector Machine,SVM）分类器进行精细检测。在分辨率为1m的遥感图像数据集上的实验结果表明,层次化分类器在保证较高检测率的前提下,大大降低了虚警率,可以有效解决遥感图像飞机检测问题。     

双酚A型环氧树脂紫外光固化工艺及其力学性能

为了推进紫外光固化技术在环氧树脂及其复合材料制备中的应用,以双酚A型环氧树脂E51为基体,采用自行研制的紫外光设备固化,利用红外光谱法测定固化后树脂的固化度,研究了树脂体系中光引发剂和稀释剂含量对树脂固化速率的影响以及环氧树脂的紫外光固化特性,获得的树脂体系的最优配方为：双酚A型环氧树脂E51:活性稀释剂660A:光引发剂1176=100:10:5（质量比）,并对紫外光固化树脂浇铸体的力学性能进行了测试,其拉伸强度和模量分别可达到32.34 MPa和1.80 GPa,弯曲强度和模量分别为60.64 MPa和1.73 GPa。结果表明,紫外光固化速率随树脂体系中光引发剂含量的增加而上升,随活性稀释剂含量的增加先上升后下降;与传统热固化相比,紫外光固化不仅可以大幅度缩短树脂体系的固化时间,同时,制得的树脂浇铸体具有良好的综合力学性能。研究结果对紫外光固化技术在实际生产中的应用具有重要意义。     

Assessment of the impact of dimensionality reduction methods on information classes and classifiers for hyperspectral image classification by multiple classifier system

Identification of the appropriate combination of classifier and dimensionality reduction method has been a recurring task for various hyperspectral image classification scenarios. Image classification by multiple classifier system has been evolving as a promising method for enhancing accuracy and reliability of image classification. Because of the diversity in generalization capabilities of various dimensionality reduction methods, the classifier optimal to the problem and hence the accuracy of image classification varies considerably. The impact of including multiple dimensionality reduction methods in the MCS architecture for the supervised classification of a hyperspectral image for land cover classification has been assessed in this study. Multi-source airborne hyperspectral images acquired over five different sites covering a range of land cover categories have been classified by a multiple classifier system and compared against the classification results obtained from support vector machines (SVM). The MCS offers acceptable classification results across the images or sites when there are multiple dimensionality reduction methods in addition to different classifiers. Apart from offering acceptable classification results, the MCS indicates about 5% increase in the overall accuracy when compared to the SVM classifier across the hyperspectral images and sites. Results indicate the presence of dimensionality reduction method specific empirical preferences by land cover categories for certain classifiers thereby demanding the design of MCS to support adaptive selection of classifiers and dimensionality reduction methods for hyperspectral image classification.     

航空用燃气发生器和高温放气阀的设计原则及试验

分析了燃气发生器和高温放气阀的作用及必要性,阐述了两者的设计思路,提出了有关的设计原则,并根据该原则设计研制出了满足技术指标的燃气发生器和高温放气阀.对两者进行一系列试验,验证了设计原则的正确性.结果表明:燃气发生器在最小空气流量为0.025kg/s,最高燃气工作温度为950℃,燃气温度波动范围为±10℃,实现稳定工作;高温放气阀在1200℃时能实现不漏气、灵活可靠的工作.上述技术指标均高于我国目前地面上使用的、车用的同类试验设备.利用该两项试验设备,可准确、完整地得到涡轮增压器特性,为实现航空活塞发动机的优良高空性能提供了依据.      

The application of micro-CT in monitoring bone alterations in tail-suspended rats in vivo

Osteopenia is a pathological process that affects human skeletal health not only on earth but also in long-time spaceflight. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) is a nondestructive method for assessing both bone quantity and bone quality. To investigate the characteristics of micro-CT on evaluating the microgravity-induced osteopenia (e.g. early detection time and the sensitive parameters), the bone loss process of tail-suspended rats was monitored by micro-CT in this study. 8-Week-old female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into two groups: tail suspension (TS) and control (CON). Volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and microstructure of the femur and tibia were evaluated in vivo by micro-CT at 0, 7, 14, 22 days. Biomechanical properties of the femur and tibia were determined by three-point bending test. The ash weight of bone was also investigated. The results showed that (1) bone loss in the proximal tibia appeared earlier than in the distal femur. (2) On day 7, the percent bone volume (BV/TV) of the tibia 15.44% decreased significantly, and the trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) 30.29% increased significantly in TS group, both of which were detected earlier than other parameters. (3) Biomechanical properties (e.g. femur, −22.4% maximum load and −23.75% Young’s modulus vs. CON) and ash weight of the femur and tibia decreased significantly in the TS group in comparison to CON group. (4) vBMD of the femur and tibia were clearly related to bone ash and dry weight (r = 0.75–0.87, p < 0.05). (5) BV/TV of both femur and tibia were clearly related to maximum load and Young’s modulus (r = 0.66–0.87, p < 0.05). Similarly, trabecular vBMD and BV/TV of the femur and tibia were clearly related to Young’s modulus (r = 0.73–0.89, p < 0.05). These indicated that BV/TV and Tb.Sp were more sensitive than other parameters for evaluating bone loss induced by tail suspension, moreover, trabecular vBMD and other parameters might be used to evaluate bone strength. Therefore, micro-CT is a reliable and sensitive method for predicting unloading-induced bone loss in small animals.     

基于多种空间信息的高光谱遥感图像分类方法

在高光谱遥感图像分类方法中,空间特征和光谱特征的融合可以有效地改善分类效果。针对单一空间特征的信息表达不充分问题,提出了一种联合多种空间特征的高光谱图像空谱分类方法。利用超像素信息对分类结果进行后处理去掉椒盐噪声,并创造性地将超像素信息应用于分类前处理,提出了一种利用超像素信息对像素点的特征向量进行线性加权融合的方法。试验结果表明,所提方法的性能优于目前的通常方法。     

激光焊接带口盖加筋壁板剪切性能分析

针对双光束激光焊接带口盖加筋壁板开展了剪切稳定性试验,分析了带口盖加筋壁板在受剪状态下的屈曲载荷、屈曲形式、后屈曲承载能力及破坏形式。建立了壁板与剪切夹具的有限元模型,对壁板的剪切失稳形式及后屈曲承载能力进行仿真计算,并探究了口盖对加筋壁板的承载能力、应力变化及面外变形的影响。结果表明:带口盖加筋壁板在剪切状态下,当屈曲比达到1.95时,加筋壁板进入后屈曲,最终破坏载荷约为屈曲载荷的2.98倍。仿真与试验得到的载荷-位移曲线较为吻合,有限元法得到的屈曲载荷和破坏载荷与试验平均值误差分别为8.7%、1.02%。开口壁板的承载能力及刚度均下降,螺栓紧固口盖对加筋壁板的应力与面外变形影响较大。      

遥感图像飞机目标高效搜检深度学习优化算法

为了实现大幅面遥感图像中飞机目标的高效检测与准确定位,通过深度神经网络（DNN）的级联组合,提出了一种新颖的搜寻与检测相集成的飞机目标高效检测算法。首先,运用高性能的端到端DNN网络,进行停机坪与跑道区域的像素级高效精准分割,从而大幅度缩小飞机目标的搜索范围,以降低虚警发生概率,完成飞机目标候选检测区域的快速搜寻。然后,针对分割所得停机坪与跑道区域,借助手工数据集对YOLO网络模型进行迁移式强化训练,一方面可以弥补训练集在样本类型与数据规模上的不足,另一方面借助YOLO网络的强时效性优势对飞机目标的位置进行回归求解,可以显著提高飞机目标的检测效率。停机坪与跑道区域分割DNN网络在分割精度与时效性上具有显著优势,而迁移式强化训练YOLO网络不仅具有很高的检测效率,在检测精度上也能保持良好的性能。通过一系列综合实验与对比分析,验证了提出的搜寻与检测相集成的DNN级联组合式飞机目标高效检测算法的性能优势。