Synthesis,chemistry and photochemistry of cyanobutadiyne (HCCCCCN)

Cyanobutadiyne has been synthesized starting from the mono or bistributylstannyl derivative of 1,3-butadiyne and p-toluenesulfonyl cyanide. The UV spectrum of HC₅N and the ¹³C NMR spectrum of the deuterocyanobutadiyne DC₅N have been recorded for the first time. Cyanobutadiyne has been detected in the photolysis of mixtures of gases observed on Titan. Its formation starting from cyanoacetylene and acetylene also occurs in the presence of huge amounts of dinitrogen, the major constituent of the Titan’s atmosphere. The application of these findings to the atmosphere of Titan is discussed. The chemistry and photochemistry of cyanobutadiyne have been investigated. A photoadduct has been observed in the photolysis of cyanoacetylene and ethanethiol and, a univocal synthesis of this compound was performed by a nucleophilic addition reaction.     

多级旋流预燃区补氧对常压点火特性的影响

在常温常压进口条件下开展点火试验,研究对象为多级旋流空气雾化喷嘴模型燃烧室,在火焰筒压降为1%~6%工况下分别采用20J和12J点火能量的电火花点火器进行点火试验,控制预燃区补氧空气流量比在0~0.04范围内,研究了多级旋流空气雾化喷嘴的点火油气比变化规律.结果表明:在点火油气比足够小的情况下,预燃区补氧流量越高,临界进口速度越大;在相同点火能量和火焰筒压降下,预燃区补氧空气流量比越高,点火油气比越小;随着预燃区补氧空气流量比增大到一个阈值(20J点火能量时为0.01,12J点火能量时为0.015),点火油气比曲线的发展趋势将发生变化;当预燃区补氧空气流量比继续增大到另一个关键阈值(20J点火能量时为0.025,12J点火能量时为0.03),点火油气比不再发生明显改变.     

注水喷管特性分析

在喷管喉部后方注水，使喷喉临界状态在一定范围内不随出口环境的压力而变化，并对其流动特性进行了分析。在一维定常流动假设的基础上，采用控制容积法建模，在一定参数范围内选代计算喷管背压、喷水量与喷管几何参数之间的数值关系，并对计算结果进行分析和讨论。     

高校读者信息素养教育刍议

高校读者特别是研究生、本科生等的信息检索能力与信息素养明显存在不足,影响文献检全率、检准率及对新兴前沿知识的把握,因此提高读者的信息素养,增设、普及《文献分类与检索》、《信息素养教育》等课程及开展讲座与培训是解决问题的有效方法之一,也应是我国大学课程及研究生课程改革的一大创新举措。     

光速不变原理在相对论中的作用

本文首先通过速度附加定律的推导阐述了“光速不变原理”在狭义相对论中的作用,然后从公理化体系着手推导出洛仑兹变换式,从而进一步说明“光速不变原理”的作用。     

大型结构的失效分析

用半模加虚元法计算大型结构元件的破坏问题,只限于对称的破坏型式,非对称的破坏分析,如用虚元法,必须建立全结构模型。本文旨在将结构的刚度变化问题,转化为力的变化问題,固定原有的结构刚度,用等效附加力来替代破坏元件的刚度效应,以达到用半模解大型结构元件非对称破坏问题的目的。     

微量Sc对TiAl基合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

采用透射电子显微分析和力学性能测试方法研究了微量 Sc对 Ti Al合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明 ,合金的室温抗弯强度和最大挠度均随 Sc含量的增加而下降 ,而合金的高温压缩强度却显著提高。 TEM观察发现 ,Sc的加入使 Ti Al合金中形成大量的呈薄片或颗粒状的 (Sc,Ti) 3 Al相。这种相沿α2 /γ和γ/γT 界面择优分布 ,且与界面位错有交互作用。此种结构组态可能是造成 Ti Al合金的室温性能下降的主要原因。而对于以界面间的滑移为主要变形方式的高温形变 ,由于界面间的滑移受到阻碍作用 ,合金的高温强度得以提高     

数字散斑干涉在振动测量中的应用

在动态测试领域中,数字散斑干涉技术常用到的相位处理方法有时问平均法和空间载波相移法.空间载波相移法因其简单性和实用性,被应用于双脉冲散斑干涉测量中.     

Ignition enhancement of ethylene/air by NOx addition

Recently, non-equilibrium plasma assisted combustion (PAC) has been found to be promising in reducing the ignition delay time in hypersonic propulsion system. NO x produced by non-equilibrium plasma can react with intermediates during the fuel oxidation process and thereby has influence on the combustion process. In this study, the effects of NO x addition on the ignition process of both the homogeneous ethylene/air mixtures and the non-premixed diffusion layer are examined numerically. The detailed chemistry for ethylene oxidization together with the NO x sub-mechanism is included in the simulation. Reaction path analysis and sensitivity analysis are conducted to give a mechanistic interpretation for the ignition enhancement by NO x addition. It is found that for both the homogenous and non-premixed ignition processes at normal and elevated pressures, NO 2 addition has little influence on the ignition delay time while NO addition can significantly promote the ignition process. The ignition enhancement is found to be caused by the promotion in hydroxyl radical production which quickly oxidizes ethylene. The promotion in hydroxyl radical production by NO addition is achieved in two ways:one is the direct production of OH through the reaction HO2+NO = NO2+OH, and the other is the indirect production of OH through the reactions NO+O2=NO2+O and C2H4+O = C2H3+OH. Moreover, it is found that similar to the homogeneous ignition process, the acceleration of the diffusion layer ignition is also controlled by the reaction HO2+NO = NO2+OH.     

氢气添加对RP-3航空煤油燃烧特性的影响

为了阐明氢气添加对国产RP-3航空煤油燃烧特性的影响,在定容燃烧反应器中实验测量了初始压力为0.1MPa、初始温度分别为390,420K、当量比范围为0.8～1.5时RP-3航空煤油/氢气混合气的层流燃烧速度与马克斯坦长度,分析了掺氢比对火焰发展结构、层流燃烧速度及马克斯坦长度的影响.结果表明:随着掺氢比的提高,在火焰发展过程中,火焰前锋面逐渐出现裂纹或褶皱,火焰的不稳定性逐渐增强;随着混合气当量比或掺氢比的升高,RP-3航空煤油/氢气混合气的马克斯坦长度逐渐减小;当混合气当量比从0.8升高至1.5时,RP-3航空煤油/氢气混合气的层流燃烧速度呈现先增加后降低的趋势,当量比为1.2时混合气的层流燃烧速度达到最大;同时,随着初始温度或掺氢比的升高,RP-3航空煤油/氢气混合气的层流燃烧速度逐渐升高。