分腔流量比对涡轮曲端壁表面冷却特性实验

利用高速风洞及压敏漆（PSP）技术,研究了端壁表面不同分腔流量比对端壁表面的气膜冷却效率的影响。对比各个分腔在不同流量比下端壁表面的气膜冷却效率的详细分布发现：端壁表面的气膜冷却效率随着槽缝流（分腔1）流量比的增加而增大,随着槽缝喷射冷气流量的增加,冷气在端壁表面的覆盖范围变广,同时冷却效果也有所提升;随着端壁前部分腔（分腔2）冷气流量比的增加,叶栅通道喉部上游区域的冷却流体会出现明显的吹离壁面的情况,端壁表面的气膜冷却效率也会随之减小;端壁后部分腔（分腔3）冷气流量比对端壁表面的冷却效率的影响与分腔2类似。     

300M超高强度钢在模拟积水环境中的腐蚀行为

 针对飞机结构部件在服役过程中存在的缝隙积水导致结构材料腐蚀的问题,通过研究腐蚀产物、形貌、失重、腐蚀速率、腐蚀损伤度以及积水溶液与暴露金属的面容比、pH值等的变化,探讨了300M超高强度钢在模拟积水环境中的腐蚀行为。结果表明,300M钢在模拟积水中的腐蚀是从点蚀开始,然后点蚀坑扩展合并,逐渐发展为全面腐蚀,其腐蚀失重和腐蚀损伤度随腐蚀时间的增加而增大,腐蚀损伤度则呈现出幂函数变化趋势;随腐蚀时间的延长,模拟积水环境中的pH值从初期的4.2升到5.2再下降到4.8～5.0,平均腐蚀速率也从0.289 g/(m²·h)线性减小到0.120 g/(m²·h);电化学交流阻抗结果表明随腐蚀时间的延长,容抗弧半径逐渐增大,说明腐蚀产物对基体起到一定的保护作用,这与腐蚀速率变化规律一致;另外,不同的面容比(腐蚀介质体积与300M钢暴露面积之比)对腐蚀过程的影响是:随面容比的增加,腐蚀失重与腐蚀速率均增大。     

Height of shock formation in the solar corona inferred from observations of type II radio bursts and coronal mass ejections

Employing coronagraphic and EUV observations close to the solar surface made by the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) mission, we determined the heliocentric distance of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) at the starting time of associated metric type II bursts. We used the wave diameter and leading edge methods and measured the CME heights for a set of 32 metric type II bursts from solar cycle 24. We minimized the projection effects by making the measurements from a view that is roughly orthogonal to the direction of the ejection. We also chose image frames close to the onset times of the type II bursts, so no extrapolation was necessary. We found that the CMEs were located in the heliocentric distance range from 1.20 to 1.93 solar radii (Rs), with mean and median values of 1.43 and 1.38 Rs, respectively. We conclusively find that the shock formation can occur at heights substantially below 1.5 Rs. In a few cases, the CME height at type II onset was close to 2 Rs. In these cases, the starting frequency of the type II bursts was very low, in the range 25–40 MHz, which confirms that the shock can also form at larger heights. The starting frequencies of metric type II bursts have a weak correlation with the measured CME/shock heights and are consistent with the rapid decline of density with height in the inner corona.     

硼酸金属化合物的制备及其电催化活性

采用电化学沉积法于室温、碱性条件下在氧化铟锡(ITO,Indium Tin Oxide)表面制备了硼酸钴(CoBi)、硼酸镍(NiBi)、硼酸锰(MnBi)、硼酸铑(RhBi)、硼酸钯(PdBi)几种无定形的硼酸金属化合物薄膜,并对其形貌和结构进行表征,结果表明几种薄膜均为无定形结构.将这几种硼酸金属化合物应用于电化学催化水氧化制氧,对比其催化活性,发现CoBi,NiBi,RhBi具有较高的催化性能,而MnBi和PdBi催化活性较低.进一步研究硼酸pH值对CoBi电催化水分解的影响.发现硼酸有利于金属化合物的制备,pH7~11范围内,HBO₃^2-作为质子受体含量逐渐增大,能接受放氧过程产生的质子,促进催化水分解过程的进行.所得催化剂可自我修复,实现循环利用.     

基于自适应滑模的变质心再入飞行器控制律设计

建立了有纵向单滑块的变质心再入飞行器系统控制模型。对该有输入非线性的快时变多体系统,考虑系统存在参数不确定等因素的影响并将完整的活动质量体动力学环节置入姿态控制,基于滑模控制理论设计了俯仰姿态跟踪鲁棒控制系统。在参数不确定性条件下对飞行控制系统进行了仿真。结果表明：设计的控制律可实现对指令角度和指令位置有效、快速、稳定...     

来流条件对热流组分扩散项影响效应分析

使用数值模拟的方法研究了高超声速热化学非平衡流动中不同来流条件对热流组分扩散项的影响。以RAM-CII飞行试验外形为例,使用AUSM+-up格式耦合LU-SGS方法求解带化学反应源项的多组分NS方程。得到如下结论:在非平衡热环境数值模拟研究中,完全催化壁时组分扩散项热流所占比率表征了壁面催化效应的强弱;在同一高度下,随着马赫数升高热流组分扩散项比例越来越显著,而马赫数相同时,随着高度增高热流组分扩散项所占比例越来越小,主要原因在于当地化学反应进行程度不同。     

全流量补燃循环发动机系统参数模型与设计(Ⅱ)参数设计

在全流量补燃循环发动机系统动力平衡模型的基础上,研究了氢发汗冷却流量、燃烧室压力和燃烧室混合比对发动机系统参数的影响规律.研究结果表明:在发动机推力和喷管扩张比保持恒定时,①随着氢发汗冷却流量的增加,燃料泵扬程大幅度增大,氧化剂泵扬程小幅度减小;②当燃烧室压力在20MPa之前,泵的扬程增加与燃烧室压力的增加近似成线性;...     

Comparison of satellite orbit ephemerides for use in GPS meteorology

This paper discusses GPS (Global Position System) meteorology. The research presented is based on a comparison of values of precipitable water vapour PWV, based on GPS measurements using final and predicted ephemerides of satellite orbits. We analysed recent year’s improvement in predicting ephemerides. We compared the data outputs from a radiosonde using GPS receiver measurements directly from the meteorological station from which the radiosondes were launched. The results indicate a high quality of the predicted ephemerides. This finding makes predicted ephemerides highly usable for near real-time estimations of PWV. To use PWV in meteorological forecast applications, this high speed of PWV values supply is necessary.     

CubeSail: A low cost CubeSat based solar sail demonstration mission

CubeSail is a nano-solar sail mission based on the 3U CubeSat standard, which is currently being designed and built at the Surrey Space Centre, University of Surrey. CubeSail will have a total mass of around 3 kg and will deploy a 5 × 5 m sail in low Earth orbit. The primary aim of the mission is to demonstrate the concept of solar sailing and end-of-life de-orbiting using the sail membrane as a drag-sail. The spacecraft will have a compact 3-axis stabilised attitude control system, which uses three magnetic torquers aligned with the spacecraft principle axis as well as a novel two-dimensional translation stage separating the spacecraft bus from the sail. CubeSail’s deployment mechanism consists of four novel booms and four-quadrant sail membranes. The proposed booms are made from tape-spring blades and will deploy the sail membrane from a 2U CubeSat standard structure. This paper presents a systems level overview of the CubeSat mission, focusing on the mission orbit and de-orbiting, in addition to the deployment, attitude control and the satellite bus.