一种适用于空间监视跟踪的递推滤波算法

针对空间监视跟踪环境中对于包含角变量的状态向量估计存在精度较低的缺点,利用Gauss von Mises（GVM）多变量概率密度分布,提出一种基于矩匹配的GVM参数估计方法,并在此基础上改进GVM分布的确定性采样方法,建立针对GVM分布的递推滤波算法,该算法充分考虑了流形的内蕴结构,克服了传统滤波方法假设状态向量定义于欧氏空间及采用欧氏空间中高斯分布模型的局限性。仿真结果表明,该滤波算法能有效估计状态变量的后验概率分布,对角变量的估计精度明显优于扩展卡尔曼滤波方法(EKF)。     

直升机行星架疲劳裂纹扩展寿命预测

直升机行星齿轮保持架（简称行星架）是传动系统的重要部件,其可靠性对于直升机的飞行安全至关重要。行星架疲劳裂纹故障的发生、发展受多种因素影响,其故障诊断和寿命预测都有难度。为准确预测行星架疲劳裂纹寿命,研究了其裂纹故障发生、发展规律,提出了基于对数线性的方法,将裂纹扩展过程离散化处理,采用Paris公式,定量描述裂纹扩展速率,结合Miner准则,累积其疲劳损伤过程,最终得到随裂纹长度变化的行星架剩余使用寿命数值。利用有限元软件ANSYS Workbench的疲劳寿命模块对计算得到的数值结果进行了仿真对比,验证了方法的精确性和有效性。      

基于CEEMDAN的雷达信号脉内细微特征提取法

有效的信号特征提取是高精度雷达辐射源识别的基础,以脉冲描述字为代表的传统特征已无法满足复杂电磁环境的需要。本文提出一种基于自适应噪声完备集合经验模态分解（CEEMDAN）的有效雷达辐射源脉内细微特征提取算法。雷达信号由对非平稳、非线性信号尤为有效的CEEMDAN分解产生的个别分量重构,抑噪效果通过1 000次蒙特卡罗实验得到验证,同时设计基于该重构的一种脉内特征空间。本文方法与主流特征提取方法的识别精度在6部雷达辐射源产生的3 000个不同脉内调制的加噪信号样本上进行了实验对比,结果表明不同种类信号样本在本文特征空间中清晰可分,本文方法较之主流方法更加精确,尤其在0 dB信噪比（SNR）下仍保持90%以上的高精度。      

变速变姿态下飞机燃油体积解算技术

为准确测量飞机不规则油箱内的燃油体积,在传统的查表插值法基础上,提出了基于等效传感器的自适应步长切割法（ASCM）,用于建立燃油质量特性数据库,通过引入等效传感器概念,实现了不同姿态下多传感器的信息融合;该方法根据切片截面积的变化率调整切割步长,从而减小了燃油体积解算时的插值误差;利用多传感器的输出值实现了燃油平面的最小二乘（LMS）拟合,当有效传感器较少时,再结合等效燃油平面姿态角拟合燃油平面,消除了加速度对燃油平面的影响;对传统的三维查表插值法进行改进,减小了由于燃油平面姿态角插值引起的误差。基于UG二次开发,设计了燃油体积解算平台。实际油箱CAD仿真验证结果表明:该方法所建的数据库数据规模小,燃油解算速度快,实现了加速度和姿态误差修正,并减小了差值误差,进一步提高了燃油的测量精度。      

GNSS接收机中一种新的射频干扰抑制级联方法

为了减少系统复杂度和提高系统实时性,提出了一种新的级联算法。首先,通过三系数滤波器模型对连续波干扰进行建模,从而形成一种非线性卡尔曼自适应滤波器,并利用该滤波器作为预处理器对每路中的窄带干扰进行抑制。随后,将各路滤波器的输出送入空时自适应处理器中进行宽带干扰的抑制。仿真结果表明,在匹配谱干扰环境下,特别是在窄带干扰从卫星信号方向入射时,新算法相对于普通的空时和空频自适应处理表现出了更加优越的性能。     

Nonlinear Adaptive Robust Force Control of Hydraulic Load Simulator

This paper deals with the high performance force control of hydraulic load simulator. Many previous works for hydraulic force control are based on their linearization equations, but hydraulic inherent nonlinear properties and uncertainties make the conventional feedback proportional-integral-derivative control not yield to high-performance requirements. In this paper, a nonlinear system model is derived and linear parameterization is made for adaptive control. Then a discontinuous projection-based nonlinear adaptive robust force controller is developed for hydraulic load simulator. The proposed controller constructs an asymptotically stable adaptive controller and adaptation laws, which can compensate for the system nonlinearities and uncertain parameters. Meanwhile a well-designed robust controller is also developed to cope with the hydraulic system uncertain nonlinearities. The controller achieves a guaranteed transient performance and final tracking accuracy in the presence of both parametric uncertainties and uncertain nonlinearities; in the absence of uncertain nonlinearities, the scheme also achieves asymptotic tracking performance. Simulation and experiment comparative results are obtained to verify the high-performance nature of the proposed control strategy and the tracking accuracy is greatly improved.     

主动防御协同自适应滑模制导律

飞机相比于攻击导弹,在飞行速度和机动性能等方面存在着劣势.为了提高其生存几率,设计了一种发射防御导弹协同对抗攻击导弹的自适应滑模制导律.该制导律本质是一种视线(Line of Sight,LOS)制导方法,通过对飞机与防御导弹和防御导弹与攻击导弹间的LOS调整以满足特定的几何关系,从而实现对攻击导弹的主动防御.最后,将所设计的制导律与比例导引进行了仿真比较.结果表明,由于与目标间的协同,所设计的制导律在机动性能和拦截性能方面具有明显的优势,且对于三方的飞行速度变化与攻击导弹的机动具有较强的鲁棒性.     

一种基于非线性跟踪-微分器的角加速度估计方法

针对仅能获取角度信息的角加速度估计问题,基于卡尔曼滤波和非线性跟踪-微分器设计了一种角加速度估计算法。该算法利用卡尔曼滤波得到角速度的估计值,并以此为基础采用非线性跟踪-微分器对角加速度进行估计,通过对卡尔曼滤波与跟踪-微分器角加速度估计进行合理融合获得最终的角加速度输出。仿真结果表明,所设计的估计方法能满足视线角加速度的估计精度要求,具有一定的工程应用价值。     

基于Hartmann技术的微小自适应光学系统的研究

采用微小型自适应光学系统提高系统的分辨率具有非常广泛的应用前景。建立了基于Hartmann技术的波前处理机系统,利用MEMS微变形镜进行波前校正并对结果进行了分析,验证了利用微小自适应光学系统校正畸变波前的科学性,给出了建立实用高分辨率传输型微小自适应光学系统的可行性建议。     

Capacity building in space law and space policy

A high level of expertise in space policy and law is required to initiate and keep pace with the expansion of space activities, including those undertaken by the private space industry. Space activities generally refer to those undertakings that are carried out with the use of several technologies for the exploration and utilization of outer space often for scientific, military, economic and social proposes within international and national policy and regulatory frameworks. Space policies and legal regimes determine the scope, nature, pace, possibility and development of space undertakings. Therefore, appropriate space policies and regulatory regimes, both at the international and national levels, are indispensable for the initiation, operation and enhancement of space activities. There are various regulatory models and approaches for regulating space activities, and for building capacity in space law and space policy. It is imperative to have the appropriate human resources and capabilities in the development and implementation of space policies and space legal regimes. This crucial requirement has been well recognized in the more advanced space-faring nations, but not to the same level in other space-faring or space-aspiring nations.