自适应遥测信道速率的分包遥测调度方案

在卫星分包遥测静态分配适应单一遥测信道的方案基础上,提出了一种改进型动态自适应遥测信道速率的遥测分包方法,将包传输的控制参数由绝对参数优化为相对参数,从而满足不同信道速率、不同包源速率下的包传输适应性.该方法通过将遥测包周期计数与遥测包静态分配的传输周期的比值作为遥测包传输等待迫切比例系数,用相对的传输迫切比例系数值对全部遥测包进行排序,从大到小组入遥测信道下传.通过这种遥测包调度策略解决了遥测信道速率变换对包传输控制的影响.此外通过调节遥测包传输比例系数也能很好地解决遥测包数据率变化对信道传输的适应能力的影响,如数据率增加时整体降低包传输频率、数据率减少时整体加快包传输频率.     

基于卫星和星敏感器的冗余激光惯组在轨标定

采用高精度卫星导航速度、位置信息以及星敏感器提供的姿态信息设计十表冗余捷联惯组的标定模型,包含陀螺和加速度计的零次项和标度因数,对卫星和星敏感器辅助的冗余激光陀螺捷联惯组进行实时在轨标定.利用标准Kalman滤波和Sage-Husa自适应滤波作为估计算法,对十表冗余捷联惯组参数进行在线估计.数值仿真结果表明:参数标定精度均在7％以内,是一种实时的在轨标定方法,满足误差补偿要求.冗余惯组在轨标定方法为航天器高精度定姿和定轨提供了一种理论参考.     

基于雷达航迹的航空器质量估算

为保障基于轨迹运行的顺利实施,必须提高四维航迹预测的精度,而四维航迹的精准预测依赖于航空器质量准确估算。鉴于此,构建并分析了航空器能量模型;基于雷达航迹与航空器基础资料( BADA),提出了新型的航空器质量估算方法与步骤;利用最小二乘算法求解了航空器质量的估计值;分别基于预测航迹、雷达轨迹与QAR数据,采用相对误差作为评价指标,实施验证与分析。验证结果表明,提出的方法可将航空器质量估算误差控制在5%以内,从而能够有效地提高航迹预测精度。     

基于层次评估理论的弹道导弹末段突防制导律研究

针对弹道导弹末段突防问题,应用层次性能评估体系,对弹道导弹末段典型突防制导律进行对比分析.并通过对弹道导弹制导精度、弹道导弹最大过载、弹道飞行时间和反导导弹脱靶量以及它们的均值、均方差的重要性和需求性分析,合理设置评估体系的指标及其权值,应用随机仿真分析方法,对比仿真经典比例导引、修正比例导引和变结构比例导引三种突防制导律的性能.仿真结果证明,层次评估理论可以用于弹道导弹末段突防制导律的评估及优选.     

基于等 Weber 数的结冰外形修正

由于设备条件的限制,在进行结冰风洞试验时,试验 Weber 数与目标 Weber 数往往存在差异,为了获得与目标 Weber 数对应的冰形,需要对试验结果进行修正。本文分析了进行 Weber 数修正的原因,提出了根据几何特征量进行结冰外形修正的方法,并以某超临界翼型为对象,对不同 Weber 条件下的结冰外形进行了仿真,研究了Weber 数变化对结冰的影响规律,在此基础上开展了基于等 Weber 数的结冰外形修正。研究发现：(1)Weber 数主要影响冰角特征,对水滴收集特性、结冰极限及驻点冰厚度影响较小;(2)存在一个敏感 Weber 数,低于敏感值时, Weber 数变化对结冰影响不大,当 Weber 数高于敏感值时,Weber 数变化对结冰有明显影响;(3)采用本文提出的冰形修正方法,能保证冰形的宏观轮廓与目标冰形一致,修正后的冰形能适量消除由于 Weber 数误差导致的冰形差异,提高试验的精度。     

Simultaneous state and actuator fault estimation for satellite attitude control systems

In this paper, a new nonlinear augmented observer is proposed and applied to satellite attitude control systems. The observer can estimate system state and actuator fault simultaneously. It can enhance the performances of rapidly-varying faults estimation. Only original system matrices are adopted in the parameter design. The considered faults can be unbounded, and the proposed augmented observer can estimate a large class of faults. Systems without disturbances and the fault whose finite times derivatives are zero piecewise are initially considered, followed by a discussion of a general situation where the system is subject to disturbances and the finite times derivatives of the faults are not null but bounded. For the considered nonlinear system, convergence conditions of the observer are provided and the stability analysis is performed using Lyapunov direct method. Then a feasible algorithm is explored to compute the observer parameters using linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed approach is illustrated by considering an example of a closed-loop satellite attitude control system. The simulation results show satisfactory perfor-mance in estimating states and actuator faults. It also shows that multiple faults can be estimated successfully.     

Dynamic modeling and analysis of vortex filament motion using a novel curve-fitting method

Applications of a novel curve-fitting technique are presented to efficiently predict the motion of the vortex filament, which is trailed from a rigid body such as wings and rotors. The governing equations of the motion, when a Lagrangian approach with the present curve-fitting method is applied, can be transformed into an easily solvable form of the system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The applicability of Be′zier curves, B-spline, and Lagrange interpolating polynomials is investigated. Local Lagrange interpolating polynomials with a shift operator are proposed as the best selection for applications, since it provides superior system characteristics with minimum computing time, compared to other methods. In addition, the Gauss quadrature formula with local refinement strategy has been developed for an accurate prediction of the induced velocity computed with the line integration of the Biot–Savart law. Rotary-wing problems including a vortex ring problem are analyzed to show the efficiency, accuracy, and flexibility in the applications of the proposed method.     

大型飞机迎角保护控制律设计及试飞技术研究

针对大型飞机迎角保护控制律设计及试飞问题,通过杆位移-过载梯度的实时精确调整及取大值逻辑指令切换,设计了迎角保护控制律,实现拉杆到底飞机迎角达到且不超过限制迎角的目的。根据迎角保护控制律的功能及试飞目的,将整个试飞过程分为三个阶段,研究了各个阶段的试飞技术。仿真结果表明,所设计的控制律能够实现迎角保护功能,具有良好的控制效果。     

三维自适应终端滑模协同制导律

针对多枚导弹协同作战的问题,且多枚导弹之间保持有向拓扑通信的条件下,基于终端滑模法设计了视线方向及视线法向的双层协同制导律。其中,视线方向的制导指令能够保证导弹同时完成拦截任务;视线法向上的三维制导律能够保证每枚导弹以期望的视线角攻击目标,从而发挥各枚导弹的最大杀伤力,并且视线角的约束相当于规划了末制导段导弹的弹道问题,在一定程度上避免攻击目标前导弹间发生碰撞。同时,针对所设计的滑模制导律设计了新的自适应律,从而加快了滑模面的收敛速度并且削弱了由符号函数引起的系统抖振现象。基于李雅普诺夫稳定性理论,证明了所设计制导律的正确性,并在最后给出了数学仿真实验,验证了所设计制导律的有效性及优越性。     

Optimization and verification of free flight separation similarity law in high-speed wind tunnel

Based on the similarity of separation time, a similarity law optimization method for high-speed weapon delivery test is derived. The typical separation state under wind load is simulated by the numerical method. The real separation data of aircraft, separation data of previous test methods, separation data of ideal wind tunnel test of previous methods, and simulation data of the proposed optimization method are obtained. A comparison of the data shows that the method proposed can improve the performance of tracking. Similarity law optimization starts with the development of motion equations and dynamic equations in the windless state to address the problems of mismatching between vertical and horizontal displacement, and to address the problems of separation trajectory distortion caused by insufficient gravity acceleration of the scaling model of existing light model. The ejection velocity of the model is taken as a factor/vector, and is adjusted reasonably to compensate the linear displacement insufficiency caused by the insufficient vertical acceleration of the light model method, so as to ensure the matching of the vertical and horizontal displacement of the projectile, and to improve the consistency between the test results of high-speed projection and the actual separation trajectory. The optimized similarity law is applicable to many existing free-throwing modes of high-speed wind tunnels. The optimized similarity law is not affected by the ejection velocity and hanging mode of the projectile. The optimized similarity law is suitable not only for the launching of the buried ammunition compartment and external stores, but also for the test design of projectile launching and gravity separation.