航天器异常与空间环境

本文研究考查了靠近或在地球同步轨道上的ＳＣＡＴＨＡ、ＴＤＲＳ－１卫星以及ＧＰＳ、ＧＯＥＳ卫星组等的各自１０年左右运行时间中,空间环境所导致航天器异常的发生率的年分布特征,月分布特征,地方时分布特征以及不同类型的发生率分布特征。结果表明,由于不同空间环境因素对航天器作用不同,引起异常类型不一样,因此,太阳长周期和短月,地方时周期活动对航天器异常发生率影响无简单的统一规律特征;长周期中的单粒子事件是由     

磁场影响葡萄糖氧化酶活性的研究

以尼龙网作载体，用戊二醛交联将区区糖氧化酶（ＧＯＤ）固定装成酶柱并联结于流动体系中，采用流动注射分光光度法研究磁场对固定化ＧＯＤ催化活性的影响。结果表明，在０℃、５℃、４５℃下以１．０×１０＾－２ｍｏｌ．Ｌ＾－１的葡萄糖为底物及５５℃下以０．１ｍｏｌ＾－１的葡萄糖为底物时，０．２２Ｔ静有显著提高固定化ＧＯＤ的反应速度，且磁场效应与底物浓度及磁场作用时间有关。用动力学方法考察了不同强度的磁场对溶解Ｇ     

低温加压条件下EVA手套的力量分析

为了研究航天员舱外活动时的手套压力和太空低温复合效应对操作力量的影响,选取最大握力和握力疲劳两个指标评价手动作业力量,其中握力疲劳采用做功能力评价.操作力量抓握试验所需的不同温度和压力是通过在低温模拟舱中利用液氮降温以及真空泵抽气实现.结果表明:戴手套对最大握力和握力疲劳的影响都非常显著;与常温常压戴手套相比,压力(29.6 kPa,39.2 kPa)单独作用对最大握力的影响显著,低温单独作用对最大握力的影响并不显著,而二者对握力疲劳的影响都非常显著;在加压和低温复合作用下,最大握力和握力疲劳会进一步受到显著影响.可见手套压力和太空低温复合效应严重降低了航天员手部力量的发挥,航天员舱外作业人-手套系统的研究需考虑复合因素的影响.     

原子氧对航天器表面的剥蚀效应及其预报研究

文章论述了一个航天器表面原子氧通量和遭遇量预报模式的建立,并对影响航天器表面原子氧遭遇量的主要因素进行了讨论。最后用模式计算了2003～2006年间太阳同步轨道卫星表面原子氧遭遇量的情况。     

Interior Evolution of Mercury

The interior evolution of Mercury—the innermost planet in the solar system, with its exceptional high density—is poorly known. Our current knowledge of Mercury is based on observations from Mariner 10’s three flybys. That knowledge includes the important discoveries of a weak, active magnetic field and a system of lobate scarps that suggests limited radial contraction of the planet during the last 4 billion years. We review existing models of Mercury’s interior evolution and further present new 2D and 3D convection models that consider both a strongly temperature-dependent viscosity and core cooling. These studies provide a framework for understanding the basic characteristics of the planet’s internal evolution as well as the role of the amount and distribution of radiogenic heat production, mantle viscosity, and sulfur content of the core have had on the history of Mercury’s interior. The existence of a dynamo-generated magnetic field suggests a growing inner core, as model calculations show that a thermally driven dynamo for Mercury is unlikely. Thermal evolution models suggest a range of possible upper limits for the sulfur content in the core. For large sulfur contents the model cores would be entirely fluid. The observation of limited planetary contraction (∼1–2 km)—if confirmed by future missions—may provide a lower limit for the core sulfur content. For smaller sulfur contents, the planetary contraction obtained after the end of the heavy bombardment due to inner core growth is larger than the observed value. Due to the present poor knowledge of various parameters, for example, the mantle rheology, the thermal conductivity of mantle and crust, and the amount and distribution of radiogenic heat production, it is not possible to constrain the core sulfur content nor the present state of the mantle. Therefore, it is difficult to robustly predict whether or not the mantle is conductive or in the convective regime. For instance, in the case of very inefficient planetary cooling—for example, as a consequence of a strong thermal insulation by a low conductivity crust and a stiff Newtonian mantle rheology—the predicted sulfur content can be as low as 1 wt% to match current estimates of planetary contraction, making deep mantle convection likely. Efficient cooling—for example, caused by the growth of a crust strongly in enriched in radiogenic elements—requires more than 6.5 wt% S. These latter models also predict a transition from a convective to a conductive mantle during the planet’s history. Data from future missions to Mercury will aid considerably our understanding of the evolution of its interior.     

多缩水甘油氨酯型基体树脂的合成与性能研究

以多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯(PAPI)与2.3-环氧-1-丙醇为原料,合成了多缩水甘油多苯基多亚甲基多氨酯树脂(UE-712),并用元素分析及红外光谱法对它的化学结构进行了鉴定。DMA、DSC及力学与耐热性能试验表明,UE-712树脂比多缩水甘油醚酚醛树脂(F-51)具有更大的固化活性,在110℃下可发生明显的自固化反应。UE-712树脂固化产物的力学性能与耐热性都优于F-51。     

基于AOV图及二叉树的梯形图与指令表互换算法

通过对可编程逻辑控制器(Programma blelogic contro ller,PLC)的梯形图语言及指令表语言的分析,提出了基于AOV(Activity on vertex)有向图和二叉树实现梯形图与指令表程序相互转换的算法。转换算法将梯形图映射为AOV图,并由其建立二叉树来表示指令间的逻辑关系,通过遍历二叉树实现PLC梯形图与指令表的转换。文中给出一个转换实例,介绍了算法思想及其实现步骤。该算法具有通用性,适于复杂控制逻辑的梯形图,已成功用于水电自动化监控系统中的PLC编程软件平台。     

Report of the COSPAR mars special regions colloquium

In this paper we present the findings of a COSPAR Mars Special Regions Colloquium held in Rome in 2007. We review and discuss the definition of Mars Special Regions, the physical parameters used to define Mars Special Regions, and physical features on Mars that can be interpreted as Mars Special Regions. We conclude that any region experiencing temperatures > −25 °C for a few hours a year and a water activity > 0.5 can potentially allow the replication of terrestrial microorganisms. Physical features on Mars that can be interpreted as meeting these conditions constitute a Mars Special Region. Based on current knowledge of the martian environment and the conservative nature of planetary protection, the following features constitute Mars Special regions: Gullies and bright streaks associated with them, pasted-on terrain, deep subsurface, dark streaks only on a case-by-case basis, others to be determined. The parameter definition and the associated list of physical features should be re-evaluated on a regular basis.     

550～600 km高度上热层大气密度的中长期变化

选用了2005年8月20日至2006年7月28日高度550～600 km附近的热层大气密度探测数据,对表征太阳活动的F10.7值和表征地磁活动强度的Ap指数进行了相关特性的统计.分析结果表明,在无明显地磁扰动时热层大气密度日平均值的涨落呈现27日和准半年的周期性变化,但在地磁扰动期间这种变化的周期性会被削弱,且大气密度的周日变化幅度与F10.7值呈正相关关系.