P型Si(100)化学镀NiP薄膜的制备及性能研究

采用化学镀的方法在组成为NiSO4.6H2O NaH2PO2.H2O Na3C6H5O7.H2O的化学镀液中与Pd活化的p型Si(100)表面制备了NiP薄膜,利用X射线能量色散谱(EDX)对NiP薄膜的成分进行了表征。用原子力显微镜(AFM)和电化学阳极溶出(ASV)的方法对不同化学镀时间下的NiP薄膜在Si表面的覆盖度进行了研究。结果表明,在表面覆盖度Γ达到4.03×10-8mol/cm2时,表面覆盖达到饱和,此时颗粒大小均一,并分布均匀。以NiP/Si为工作电极,在0.5 mol/L1的H2SO4溶液中分别在光照和暗态条件下对不同化学镀时间的NiP薄膜进行阴极极化扫描,结果表明,在Si表面未完全被覆盖和过度被覆盖的情况下光电催化的性能都没有达到最高,仅当Si表面被完全覆盖时,具有最强的光电催化析氢特性。     

基于顾客价值的物流成本ABC计量模型

客户间存在明显差异,不同客户给企业带来的利润不同。传统的成本核算方法以产品为导向,不能识别这种差异,不适用于挖掘客户价值。物流成本在企业成本中占有很大比例,要分析客户成本,必须准确计量物流成本。基于顾客价值的物流成本ABC计量模型以客户为导向,可以准确计量出企业客户物流成本,有助于企业更好地进行客户关系管理,抓住最有价值的客户。     

Measurement of Total and Spectral Solar Irradiance

The Sun’s electromagnetic radiation powers our solar system. In the case of the Earth it heats the lands and ocean, maintains our atmosphere, generates clouds, and cycles water. For other planets and minor bodies, similar and appropriate physical processes occur, also powered by the Sun. The Sun varies on all time scales and a precise knowledge of the Sun's irradiance and its variation is essential to our understanding of environments and physical conditions throughout our solar system. Measurements of solar irradiance and its variation can only be made from space, and almost thirty years of observation have now established that the total solar irradiance (TSI) varies by only 0.1 to 0.3%, while certain portions of the solar spectrum, the ultraviolet for example, vary by orders of magnitude more. This paper provides an overview of TSI observations and of spectral irradiance observations from the ultraviolet to the near infrared.     

第23周不同角宽CME的分布及与太阳黑子数位相的比较

统计分析了1996-2008年期间CME数量随角宽的分布, 将几个典型角宽的CME数量随时间变化的特征与太阳黑子数随时间变化特征进行比较. 分析结果表明, 角宽为0°～ 180°的CME占CME总数的95%以上, 全晕CME占2.83%, 角宽301°～ 359°的CME数量非常少. 角宽0° ～ 60°的CME有三个峰值, 与太阳黑子数随时间变化的特征不吻合. 角宽为121°～ 180°CME的数量无双峰分布. 全晕CME的分布具有明显的双峰结构, 第一个峰值出现在2001年, 第二个峰值出现在2005年, 与太阳黑子数的变化不同步.      

柔性生产线信息管理系统关键技术的实现

介绍了一种基于柔性生产线的信息管理系统的结构、功能及特点,并对系统设计中有关技术问题提出了有效的解决办法。该系统是ＰＡＣ模型的一个实例,它不仅能根据设备能力及各种物料实际准备情况,对ＭＲＰＩＩ下达的作业计划作出优化调整,产生较优的生产次序;且能通过对生产线生产信息和设备状况信息的数据采集,实时仿真生产线运行状况,实现对生产状况的远程监视;并对质量进行统计和分析,找到问题的症结,为进一步提高质量提供     

Studies of electron and ion temperatures at 500 km altitude during sunrise using Indian SROSS C2 satellite

Solar dependence of electron and ion temperatures (T_e and T_i) in the ionosphere is studied using RPA data onboard SROSS C2 at an altitude of ∼500 km and 77°E longitude during early morning hours (04:00–07:00 LT) for three solar activities: solar minimum, moderate and maximum during winter, summer and equinox months in 10°S–20°N geomagnetic latitude. In winter the morning overshoot phenomenon is observed around 06:00 LT (T_e enhances to ∼4000 K) during low-solar activity and to T_e ∼ 3800 K, during higher solar activity. In summer, it is observed around 05:30 LT, but the rate of T_e enhancement is higher during moderate solar activity (∼2700 K/hr) than the low-solar activity (∼1700 K/hr). During equinox, this phenomenon is delayed and is observed around 06:00 LT (∼4200 K) during all three activities.     

Comparative study of high-latitude,mid-latitude and low-latitude ionosphere on basis of local empirical models

The analysis of the regular features of the high-, mid- and low-latitude ionosphere characteristics has been carried out using local empirical models. The local empirical models were derived from the manual scaled ionogram data recorded by DPS-4 Digisondes located at Norilsk (69 N, 88E), Irkutsk (52 N, 104E) and Hainan (19 N, 109E) for a 6-year period from December, 2002 to December, 2008. The technique used to build the local empirical model is described. Primary focuses are diurnal, seasonal and solar cycle variations of the peak electron density and the peak height under low solar activity and their changes with increasing solar activity. The main objective of the paper is to reveal both common and specific features of high-, mid- and low-latitude ionosphere. Based on earlier comparisons with the International Reference Ionosphere model, we analyze how the common and specific features are reproduced by this model.     

舱外航天服冷热电一体化系统性能分析

文章提出了一种舱外航天服冷热电一体化(Combined Cooling-Heating-Power,CCHP)系统,该系统的主要组件有质子交换膜燃料电池、热驱制冷装置、金属氢化物储氢装置和辐射器等.在冷热电一体化系统的冷电匹配方法上提出了“以电定冷”方案,按照该方案计算了一组典型工况下系统的工作状态,分析了燃料电池的工作温度、工作电流密度和工作压力对系统质量和消耗性工质损失的影响.结果表明,该舱外航天服冷热电一体化系统在质量大小方面可以接受,在消耗性工质损失方面比水升华器冷源/蓄电池电源方案小得多;且降低燃料电池工作温度和压力、增大燃料电池工作电流密度,均能够减小系统质量、降低系统消耗性工质损失.     

纳米铝燃料研究进展

纳米铝代替传统微米铝作为固体火箭推进剂的金属燃料,有助于提高推进剂的燃速、比冲和降低特征信号等。综述了纳米铝燃料合成、活性保持、高温氧化反应机理和在含能材料体系中的分散性能等方面的研究进展,分析了关键技术的发展趋势。最后,给出了下一阶段纳米铝燃料的研究建议:探索各向异性纳米铝燃料合成途径,丰富纳米铝燃料类别;在不降低铝燃料能量的前提下,进行修饰、包覆,提高纳米铝燃料活性;弄清不同反应速率下纳米铝燃料氧化反应过程,明晰纳米铝燃料氧化反应机理;重视铝燃料在含能材料中的分散技术、表征手段,揭示分散状况对燃烧稳定性的影响规律。     

太阳活动变化分析

利用Morlet小波变换方法对太阳黑子相对数进行了分析,对太阳活动变化得出了一些有意义的结果.太阳活动存在10.7 a和101 a的变化周期,以10.7 a周期最为显著.太阳活动强弱变化存在一定的阶段性,在1950年发生了气候突变,之后太阳活动明显加强,未来一段时间太阳活动较弱.