民机驾驶舱扬声器啸叫成因研究与抑制方法

民用飞机驾驶舱扬声器是一个电声换能器件,安装在飞机驾驶舱中,可将电信号转为声信号输出,并将声学功率辐射到驾驶舱。驾驶舱扬声器不仅能够为驾驶舱内的机组人员提供与客舱乘务人员以及塔台管制人员的通话语音,还能够提供飞行导航音、选呼音和告警音的发声。因此,驾驶舱扬声器是飞机上不可或缺的机载设备,为飞机的飞行安全提供了保障。驾驶舱扬声器产生的尖锐刺耳啸叫让人难以忍受,导致飞行机组无法听到其他声音,甚至无法使用语音通信系统,严重时会影响到飞行安全。指出驾驶舱扬声器"啸叫"的危害,分析啸叫的成因,并在此基础上探讨驾驶舱扬声器"啸叫"的抑制方法,为民机驾驶舱音频系统的防啸叫设计提供一定的参考依据。     

水下PNT体系之声学导航定位技术应用展望CSCD

声学导航技术是水下PNT体系的重要组成部分,也是水下PNT建设的一种有效增量手段,应充分利用中高频声学导航技术的隐蔽性和精确性,以及低频声学导航技术的广域性,满足水下用户对水下导航定位能力的隐蔽性、广域性以及精确性需求,有效促进水下导航定位服务能力的持续提升。从水下应用需求出发,研究了声学导航的任务剖面、边界条件和融合方式等,明确其在水下应用的优越性与局限性,最后对我国未来声学导航技术水下应用提出了建议。     

无预固化衬层成型工艺对界面粘接强度的影响

采用钢/ 三元乙丙绝热层/ 衬层( K/ J/ B) 粘接试件和钢/ 三元乙丙绝热层/ 衬层/ 推进剂( K/ J/ B/ Y)矩形试件,对三元乙丙(EPDM)绝热层、无预固化衬层界面粘接强度进行测试,研究了EPDM 绝热层表面处 理工艺、衬层成型厚度以及衬层成型后装药间隔时间对界面粘接性能的影响。结果表明:无预固化衬层与表面 未处理的EPDM 绝热层粘接强度约1. 0 MPa,而EPDM 绝热层表面处理后,无预固化衬层与绝热层和推进剂界 面的粘接良好。无预固化衬层成型厚度为0. 3 ~0. 5 mm,界面粘接强度基本不变;衬层成型厚度增大到0. 7 mm,则界面粘接强度逐步增加。K/ J/ B/ Y 断裂面均在推进剂间,界面良好无异常;装药间隔时间从4 h 延长至 24 h,对K/ J/ B/ Y 粘接强度影响较小,无预固化衬层完全可以按照现行装药工艺进行装药。     

随机振动试验和噪声试验的有效性分析

文章首先从频率范围、输入能量、振动模态和传递路径等四个方面对随机振动试验和噪声试验的差异进行了详细分析;之后从内声场和结构传递振动两方面对组件级试验的有效性进行初步评估,着重讨论组件级振动试验项目的优化选择方法;通过综合考虑,对航天器系统级振动试验项目的选择提出了合理建议。     

Solitary and periodic waves in magneto–rotating plasmas: Effect of the Kappa–Cairns distributed electrons

The nonlinear propagation of ion–acoustic (IA) waves in a magneto–rotating plasma is studied by considering the Kappa-Cairns electron distribution. Employing the perturbation scheme, Korteweg–de Vries equation is derived. It is seen that both positive and negative potential solitons can be supported in the present plasma model. The numerical results reveal that the Kappa-Cairns distributed electrons modify features of the electrostatic waves significantly. The effects of non–thermal parameters, plasma rotation frequency, ion temperature, and the wave propagation angle on electrostatic solitary wave structures are also discussed here. It is found that the plasma parameters considerably influence the propagation of IA waves in rotating plasmas. Furthermore, using the bifurcation theory of planar dynamical systems to the K-dV equation, we have presented the existence of solitary and periodic traveling waves. Our study may be helpful to understand the behavior of ion–acoustic wave in the rotating plasma.     

负载对超声加工声学系统特性的影响

以一维超声振动系统为研究对象,以点、线、面三种不同的加载方式对工件进行加载,研究了负载对超声加工声学系统特性的影响。实验表明,当以点、线的加载方式对工件进行加载时,载荷的变化对声学系统特性各参数的影响不大;而当加载方式为面接触时,机械品质因数Qm、谐振频率fs和动态电阻R随着载荷F的增大有明显的增大趋势,动态电容C和最大电导Gmax却随着载荷F的增大而减小。     

Solitary,explosive and periodic solutions for electron acoustic solitary waves with non-thermal hot ions

A theoretical investigation has been made for electron acoustic waves propagating in a system of unmagnetized collisionless plasma consists of a cold electron fluid and ions with two different temperatures in which the hot ions obey the non-thermal distribution. The reductive perturbation method has been employed to derive the Korteweg–de Vries equation for small but finite amplitude electrostatic waves. It is found that the presence of the energetic population of non-thermal hot ions δ, initial normalized equilibrium density of low temperature ions μ and the ratio of temperatures of low temperature ions to high temperature ions β do not only significantly modify the basic properties of solitary structure, but also change the polarity of the solitary profiles. At the critical hot ions density, the KdV equation is not appropriate for describing the system. Hence, a new set of stretched coordinates is considered to derive the modified KdV equation. In the vicinity of the critical hot ions density, neither KdV nor modified KdV equation is appropriate for describing the electron acoustic waves. Therefore, a further modified KdV equation is derived. An algebraic method with computerized symbolic computation, which greatly exceeds the applicability of the existing tanh, extended tanh methods in obtaining a series of exact solutions of the various KdV-type equations, is used here. Numerical studies have been reveals different solutions e.g., bell-shaped solitary pulses, singular solitary “blowup” solutions, Jacobi elliptic doubly periodic wave, Weierstrass elliptic doubly periodic type solutions, in addition to explosive pulses. The results of the present investigation may be applicable to some plasma environments, such as Earth’s magnetotail region.     

基于自航式声诱饵对抗的机载鱼雷命中概率仿真

为研究潜艇使用自航式声诱饵对抗条件下直升机空投鱼雷命中概率,基于对舰艇引导直升机空投鱼雷的过程分析,建立了舰艇引导机载鱼雷攻潜的参数解算模型、自航式声诱饵对抗自导鱼雷模型,分析了鱼雷命中条件.以美国MK-46鱼雷为例,运用模拟法仿真研究了在自航式声诱饵对抗条件下机载鱼雷的攻潜效果,结论对自导鱼雷在对抗条件下攻击潜艇的作...     

超高强度钢不同性质缺陷的声发射特性研究

研究了超高强度钢30Si2MnCrMoVE的声发射特性,针对裂纹、夹钨、未焊透等几种常见焊接缺陷的声发射数据进行了分析,为相关产品的声发射检测结果评定提供参考,以此提高声发射技术在超高强度钢产品质量检测上的可靠性。     

航空发动机压气机内部流体诱发声共振研究进展

声共振是一种涡声相互作用诱发的特殊声学共振现象，可产生超过160 dB的纯音噪声，不仅严重影响环境舒适性，还可引起结构件的疲劳破坏，在火箭燃烧室、军机弹仓、汽车天窗以及热交换器管束等多个工程领域内引起了设计者们的足够重视。与此同时，越来越多的研究表明航空发动机压气机内部同样存在声共振问题，其引发的叶片断裂故障也屡见不鲜，已逐渐成为国际范围内的一项研究热点问题，但对其物理机制的认识仍待完善。本文系统性阐述了压气机内部声共振的机理、试验测试、预测方法和控制措施的研究现状及其发展趋势，旨在扩展对流体诱发叶片振动方面的基础理论认知，为提升压气机设计和排故能力提供技术储备。